Correa Paola, Bennett Hirukshi, Jemutai Nancy, Hanna Fahad
Program of Public Health, Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 25;17(15):2429. doi: 10.3390/nu17152429.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication globally. Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the risk of GDM. The aim of this study was to explore and synthesise current evidence on the association between vitamin D deficiency and the development of gestational diabetes in Western countries. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological framework. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search across seven databases: ProQuest Public Health, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, , BMC Public Health, the , and Scopus. Studies were included based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria relevant to the research question. The review followed the JBI protocol, and the PRISMA flowchart was used to guide and visualise the study selection process. Nineteen studies were included in the final analysis, comprising research predominantly from Australia (5), the United States (5), and Canada (4). The findings indicate a notable association between vitamin D deficiency and GDM risk, moderated by factors such as maternal age, ethnicity, seasonal variation, and body mass index (BMI). Older maternal age and higher BMI were linked with lower vitamin D levels and a higher incidence of GDM. Ethnic groups with darker skin tones showed higher rates of vitamin D deficiency, increasing vulnerability to GDM. Seasonal patterns revealed lower vitamin D levels during winter months, correlating with greater GDM risk. These patterns underscore the need for targeted preventive strategies, including the potential role of vitamin D supplementation. This review supports an observed association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and increased GDM risk, influenced by demographic and environmental factors. While the evidence points to a potential preventative role for vitamin D, further high-quality research, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, is essential to establish causality and inform clinical guidelines. The review identifies knowledge gaps and suggests directions for future research and clinical practice.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是全球普遍存在的妊娠并发症。孕妇维生素D缺乏与GDM风险有关。本研究的目的是探索并综合当前西方国家关于维生素D缺乏与妊娠期糖尿病发生之间关联的证据。按照乔安娜·布里格斯研究所（JBI）的方法框架进行了一项范围综述。通过在七个数据库中进行全面检索来识别相关研究：ProQuest公共卫生数据库、谷歌学术、PubMed、ScienceDirect、BMC公共卫生杂志、以及Scopus。根据与研究问题相关的预定义纳入和排除标准纳入研究。该综述遵循JBI方案，并使用PRISMA流程图来指导和可视化研究选择过程。最终分析纳入了19项研究，主要来自澳大利亚（5项）、美国（5项）和加拿大（4项）。研究结果表明，维生素D缺乏与GDM风险之间存在显著关联，这种关联受到孕妇年龄、种族、季节变化和体重指数（BMI）等因素的影响。孕妇年龄较大和BMI较高与较低的维生素D水平以及较高的GDM发病率相关。肤色较深的种族维生素D缺乏率较高，患GDM的易感性增加。季节性模式显示冬季维生素D水平较低，这与较高的GDM风险相关。这些模式强调了针对性预防策略的必要性，包括维生素D补充剂的潜在作用。本综述支持观察到的孕妇维生素D缺乏与GDM风险增加之间的关联，这种关联受到人口统计学和环境因素的影响。虽然证据表明维生素D具有潜在的预防作用，但进一步的高质量研究，包括系统综述和荟萃分析，对于确立因果关系并为临床指南提供依据至关重要。该综述确定了知识空白，并为未来的研究和临床实践提出了方向。
