Alam Md Najib, Kumar Vineet, Kim Youjung, Lee Dong-Joo, Park Sang-Shin
School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jul 23;17(15):2016. doi: 10.3390/polym17152016.
In this research, a single composite-type stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is proposed for efficient energy harvesting and handwriting recognition. The composite TENGs were fabricated by blending dielectric barium titanate (BT) and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in varying amounts into a styrene-butadiene rubber matrix. The energy harvesting efficiency depends on the type and amount of fillers, as well as their dispersion within the matrix. Stearic acid modification of BT enables near-nanoscale filler distribution, resulting in high energy conversion efficiencies. The composite achieved power efficiency, power density, charge efficiency, and charge density values of 1.127 nW/N, 8.258 mW/m, 0.146 nC/N, and 1.072 mC/m, respectively, under only 2% cyclic compressive strain at 0.85 Hz. The material performs better at low stress-strain ranges, exhibiting higher charge efficiency. The generated charge in the TENG composite is well correlated with the compressive stress, which provides a minimum activation pressure of 0.144 kPa, making it suitable for low-pressure sensing applications. A flat composite with dimensions of 0.02 × 6 × 5 cm can produce a power density of 26.04 W/m, a charge density of 0.205 mC/m, and an output voltage of 10 V from a single hand pat. The rubber composite also demonstrates high accuracy in handwriting recognition across different individuals, with clear differences in sensitivity curves. Repeated attempts by the same person show minimal deviation (<5%) in writing time. Additionally, the presence of reinforcing fillers enhances mechanical strength and durability, making the composite suitable for long-term cyclic energy harvesting and wearable sensor applications.
在本研究中，提出了一种单一的复合型可拉伸摩擦纳米发电机（TENG），用于高效的能量收集和手写识别。通过将不同含量的介电钛酸钡（BT）和导电碳纳米管（CNT）混入苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶基体中来制备复合TENG。能量收集效率取决于填料的类型和含量，以及它们在基体内的分散情况。对BT进行硬脂酸改性可实现近纳米级的填料分布，从而获得高能量转换效率。在0.85 Hz的频率下，仅施加2%的循环压缩应变时，该复合材料的功率效率、功率密度、电荷效率和电荷密度分别达到1.127 nW/N、8.258 mW/m、0.146 nC/N和1.072 mC/m。该材料在低应力-应变范围内表现更好，电荷效率更高。TENG复合材料中产生的电荷与压缩应力密切相关，其最小激活压力为0.144 kPa，适用于低压传感应用。尺寸为0.02×6×5 cm的扁平复合材料通过单次手部拍打可产生26.04 W/m的功率密度、0.205 mC/m的电荷密度和10 V的输出电压。该橡胶复合材料在不同个体的手写识别中也表现出高精度，灵敏度曲线存在明显差异。同一个人重复尝试时，书写时间的偏差极小（<5%）。此外，增强填料的存在提高了机械强度和耐久性，使该复合材料适用于长期循环能量收集和可穿戴传感器应用。
