Aravand Sara, Esfahani Azam J, Gheibi Nematollah, Khoei Saeideh G, Dibazar Shaghayegh P, Zolghadr Leila, Ahmadpour Yazdi Hossein
Department of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Qazvin University of medical science, Qazvin, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2025 Jul 16;103:100806. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2025.100806. eCollection 2025.
Propolis holds great potential in therapeutic development due to the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and esters. However, its chemical composition has restricted its solubility and bioaccessibility. Here, we synthesized responsive Iranian propolis nanoparticles derived from 3 distinct regions of Iran, representing the first comparative investigation of their anticancer effects against AGS gastric cancer cells.
Propolis was collected from 3 different regions of Iran. Iranian propolis extract (IPE) was prepared using Bosio method. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. Using the probe sonication, Iranian propolis nanoparticles (IPNs) were prepared. Identification tests of IPNs were performed with dynamic light scattering (DLS)-Zetasizer methods. Next, the anticancer potential of IPNs was analyzed by measuring the cell survival rate on the AGS gastric cancer cell line by MTT assay. Also, the IPNs apoptotic activity was evaluated using Annexin V/FITC-propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry.
Analysis of the IPE showed the presence of paracoumaric acid and caffeic acid predominantly. An average IPNs size was obtained from 8 to 15 nm with good stability and cellular uptake. Compared with IPE, IPNs showed a greater effect on AGS gastric cancer cell survival inhibition after 24 and 48 h. The IC50 values of cancer cells treated with IPE and IPNs were calculated as 76.55 and 43.26 µg/ml for 24 h and 63.26 and 12.14 µg/ml for 48 h respectively. The flow cytometry results showed that the apoptosis induced by IPNs was greater than the control cells.
Our study indicated that the IPNs can be more effective than IPE in reducing AGS cell viability and increasing apoptosis. These results suggest the potential of IPNs as low-toxicity nanocarriers for gastric cancer therapy, although further in vivo studies are required to validate their therapeutic potential and assess their pharmacokinetic properties.
由于含有黄酮类化合物、酚酸和酯类，蜂胶在治疗药物开发方面具有巨大潜力。然而，其化学成分限制了其溶解度和生物可及性。在此，我们合成了源自伊朗3个不同地区的响应性伊朗蜂胶纳米颗粒，这是首次对其对AGS胃癌细胞的抗癌作用进行的比较研究。
从伊朗3个不同地区采集蜂胶。采用博西奥方法制备伊朗蜂胶提取物（IPE）。进行了定量和定性分析。使用探头超声法制备伊朗蜂胶纳米颗粒（IPN）。采用动态光散射（DLS）-Zetasizer方法对IPN进行鉴定测试。接下来，通过MTT法测量AGS胃癌细胞系的细胞存活率，分析IPN的抗癌潜力。此外，使用膜联蛋白V/异硫氰酸荧光素-碘化丙啶（PI）流式细胞术评估IPN的凋亡活性。
IPE分析显示主要存在对香豆酸和咖啡酸。IPN的平均粒径为8至15nm，具有良好的稳定性和细胞摄取能力。与IPE相比，IPN在24小时和48小时后对AGS胃癌细胞存活抑制作用更大。IPE和IPN处理的癌细胞在24小时时的IC50值分别计算为76.55和43.26μg/ml，48小时时分别为63.26和12.14μg/ml。流式细胞术结果显示，IPN诱导的凋亡大于对照细胞。
我们的研究表明，IPN在降低AGS细胞活力和增加凋亡方面比IPE更有效。这些结果表明IPN作为低毒性纳米载体用于胃癌治疗的潜力，尽管需要进一步的体内研究来验证其治疗潜力并评估其药代动力学特性。
