Cheung Ka Shing, Monkkonen Paavo, Yiu Chung Yim
The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
University of California Los Angeles, USA.
Urban Stud. 2024 Apr;61(5):943-967. doi: 10.1177/00420980231190281. Epub 2023 Jul 30.
Zoning reform is increasingly recognised as an important strategy to increase housing affordability and environmental sustainability. Few cities have undertaken significant upzoning of low-density neighbourhoods, making the 2016 Auckland Unitary Plan (AUP) probably the most ambitious zoning reform in the world. Parcels zoned for single houses previously dominated Auckland, but three-quarters of them now allow multiple units. Existing studies have documented the building boom that followed this zoning reform, yet the relatively rare case offers additional insights. In this article, we use appraisal, census and zoning data on over 200,000 parcels in Auckland to answer three research questions about the heterogeneous impacts of the AUP. First, to what extent did upzoning increase the appraised value of properties' redevelopment options? Second, did upzoning increase appraised property values to a greater degree in higher-income and more centrally located neighbourhoods? Finally, was zoning reform in Auckland significantly influenced by similar political pressures as in other countries? That is, was upzoning less likely (and downzoning more likely) in higher-income neighbourhoods? The answers to these three questions are substantially, it's complicated, and yes.
分区改革日益被视为提高住房可负担性和环境可持续性的一项重要战略。很少有城市对低密度社区进行大规模的向上分区，这使得2016年奥克兰统一规划（AUP）可能成为世界上最雄心勃勃的分区改革。以前，奥克兰以独栋房屋分区的地块占主导地位，但现在其中四分之三的地块允许建造多单元住宅。现有研究记录了此次分区改革后的建筑热潮，不过这个相对罕见的案例能提供更多见解。在本文中，我们使用奥克兰20多万个地块的评估、人口普查和分区数据，来回答有关奥克兰统一规划的异质性影响的三个研究问题。第一，向上分区在多大程度上提高了房产再开发选项的评估价值？第二，在高收入和更位于市中心的社区，向上分区对房产评估价值的提升幅度更大吗？最后，奥克兰的分区改革是否受到与其他国家类似政治压力的显著影响？也就是说，在高收入社区，向上分区的可能性较小（而向下分区的可能性较大）吗？这三个问题的答案分别是：很大程度上是、情况很复杂、答案是肯定的。
