Jeong Sarang, Jang Eunjin, Jung Sukyoung, Kim Jinhyun, Jeong Minjeong, Han Dahye, Park Sohyun
The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
Department of Healthcare Policy Research, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong 30147, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2025 Aug;19(4):591-604. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2025.19.4.591. Epub 2025 Jul 28.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Chronotype and ultra-processed food (UPF) intake are individually associated with metabolic risk, but their combined effect remains unclear. This study examined the interaction between chronotype and UPF intake in relation to insulin resistance, assessed by the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were obtained from 542 adults in the Gangwon Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (GOMS) Study. Chronotypes were classified into morning, intermediate, and evening types using Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-based clustering. UPF intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and classified according to the Korean-adapted NOVA classification system. Intake was expressed as a percentage of total energy and divided into quartiles. General linear models were used to examine the interaction between chronotype and UPF intake in relation to the TyG index, with adjustments for relevant covariates. An additional analysis examined the association between TyG quartiles and diabetes prevalence.
A significant interaction between UPF intake and chronotype was observed only in the evening-type group ( = 0.043). In this group, TyG values were significantly higher in Q3 and Q4 compared to Q1 ( = 0.005). The TyG index also varied significantly across chronotypes and UPF intake quartiles ( = 0.005 and = 0.046, respectively). The odds of diabetes increased across TyG quartiles, with ORs of 3.52 (Q3) and 5.41 (Q4) compared to Q1.
The association between UPF intake and the TyG index varied by chronotype, with evening types showing greater vulnerability. These findings suggest that biological rhythms may modify the metabolic impact of diet, highlighting the need for personalized prevention strategies.
背景/目的：昼夜节律类型和超加工食品（UPF）摄入量分别与代谢风险相关，但其联合效应仍不明确。本研究通过甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数评估，探讨昼夜节律类型与UPF摄入量之间的相互作用与胰岛素抵抗的关系。
对象/方法：数据来自江原道肥胖与代谢综合征（GOMS）研究中的542名成年人。使用基于晨型-夜型问卷的聚类方法将昼夜节律类型分为早型、中间型和晚型。使用食物频率问卷评估UPF摄入量，并根据韩国改编的NOVA分类系统进行分类。摄入量以总能量的百分比表示，并分为四分位数。采用一般线性模型，在调整相关协变量的情况下，研究昼夜节律类型与UPF摄入量之间的相互作用与TyG指数的关系。另一项分析研究了TyG四分位数与糖尿病患病率之间的关联。
仅在晚型组中观察到UPF摄入量与昼夜节律类型之间存在显著交互作用（P = 0.043）。在该组中，与第一四分位数相比，第三和第四四分位数的TyG值显著更高（P = 0.005）。TyG指数在昼夜节律类型和UPF摄入量四分位数之间也有显著差异（分别为P = 0.005和P = 0.046）。糖尿病的患病几率随TyG四分位数增加，与第一四分位数相比，第三四分位数的比值比为3.52，第四四分位数为5.41。
UPF摄入量与TyG指数之间的关联因昼夜节律类型而异，晚型表现出更大的易感性。这些发现表明生物节律可能会改变饮食对代谢的影响，凸显了个性化预防策略的必要性。
