Champ M
Reprod Nutr Dev (1980). 1985;25(4B):819-42.
The main dietary carbohydrates are starch, cell wall polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins), some monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose, etc.) and oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, alpha-galactosides, etc.). Recent analytical methods applied to these substances are described and criticized. A-type starches (cereals), cooked starches and some oligosaccharides are mainly digested in the small intestine of monogastric animals by enzymes of the salivary glands, pancreas and intestinal brush border. The total digestibility of these carbohydrates is almost 100%, whereas it is less than 70% for B-type starches (ex. potato). Cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and some oligosaccharides are partly digested by the microflora of the large intestine. Fiber total digestibility varies considerably and depends on the nature of the fiber and the animal species. It is less than 10% in chickens, whereas pigs seem to digest fibers as well as sheep. Hydrothermic treatments usually have no effect on starch digestibility but can be used for B-type starches. Some chemical treatments may improve fiber digestibility in monogastric animals.
主要的膳食碳水化合物包括淀粉、细胞壁多糖（纤维素、半纤维素和果胶）、一些单糖（葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖等）和寡糖（蔗糖、乳糖、α-半乳糖苷等）。本文描述并批评了应用于这些物质的最新分析方法。A型淀粉（谷物）、熟淀粉和一些寡糖主要在单胃动物的小肠中被唾液腺、胰腺和肠刷状缘的酶消化。这些碳水化合物的总消化率几乎为100%，而B型淀粉（如马铃薯）的总消化率则低于70%。纤维素、半纤维素、果胶和一些寡糖部分被大肠微生物群消化。纤维的总消化率差异很大，取决于纤维的性质和动物种类。鸡的纤维总消化率低于10%，而猪似乎和羊一样能消化纤维。湿热处理通常对淀粉消化率没有影响，但可用于B型淀粉。一些化学处理可能会提高单胃动物对纤维的消化率。
