We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between these gene polymorphisms and Osteoarthritis (OA) risk. We searched electronic databases and found 736 related reports, five of which were ultimately included in the study. The articles ranged from 2014 to 2019 and included both Asian and Caucasian populations. Genotypes were categorized into TT, TC, and CC across case and control groups. The meta-analysis of interleukin-17A (IL-17A; rs2275913) showed no significant correlation with OA in the overall human population's allele model, codominance model, dominance model, and recessive model (P=0.97, 0.94, 0.77, 0.80, 0.85). Ethnic subgroup analysis showed no association between the Asian or Caucasian populations' IL-17A gene and OA. However, the meta-analysis of interleukin-17F (IL-17F; rs763780) showed that this gene is related to OA in the overall population and each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic model (-values: 0.0001, 0.0003, 0.01, 0.01, 0.0008). Ethnic subgroup analysis revealed that the IL-17F gene in the Asian population is related to OA, but only the allele and dominant models of the IL-17F gene in the Caucasian population were related to OA. The IL-17F polymorphism appears to be a risk factor for OA, with Asian populations more susceptible than Caucasians. The IL-17A showed no association with OA.