Exercise intensity improves performance on a spatial memory task.

Previous research suggests exercise improves spatial navigation abilities, though the effects of different exercise intensities on this cognitive function have not been explored. The current study assessed the influence of moderate-intensity and high-intensity acute exercise on spatial learning and memory, focusing on the acquisition of survey and route knowledge in young adults. Thirty-two participants (22.6 ± 1.7 y) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) no-exercise control (n = 10); (2) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 30 min at 75% maximal heart rate) (n = 12); (3) sprint interval training (SIT; 4 × 30 s all-out interspersed with 4 min recovery) (n = 10). Spatial navigation abilities were assessed using a virtual reality (VR) maze with evaluations at three time points: pre-exercise (TP1), immediately post-exercise (TP2), and 48 h post-exercise (TP3). Angular error (AE) was the primary measure of navigation accuracy. Both MICT and SIT groups exhibited improvements in spatial memory indicated by reductions in AE from TP1 to TP3 (p < 0.001) though the SIT group showed a greater reduction in AE compared to the MICT group (p = 0.039), suggesting a more pronounced benefit from higher-intensity exercise. The control group, however, showed no significant change in AE (p = 0.869), indicating no improvement in spatial memory without exercise intervention. The findings suggest that acute exercise, particularly at higher intensities, enhances spatial memory alongside with learning. It is possible that exercise can be used as a intervention to enhance cognitive functions, particularly spatial navigation.