Zonenberg Tamir, Zahavi Tirtza, Degani Ofir, Striem Michael, Shlisel Meir, Dafny Yelin Mery
Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, North District, Israel;
Ministry of Agriculture, Extension Service, Kiryat-Shemone, Israel;
Plant Dis. 2025 Aug 18. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-25-1151-RE.
Vitis vinifera grapevines are susceptible to downy and powdery mildews, requiring 4-10 chemical treatments per season in Israel. Resistant grape varieties offer an alternative. Hybrid varieties developed by the Weinbauinstitut Freiburg were introduced in Israel for disease resistance evaluation in different climatic regions through an understanding of the resistance mechanism based on secondary metabolite profiles. Grapevines were planted across four different climatic regions in northern Israel. Key findings: (i) in the laboratory, after artificial inoculation of downy mildew, the susceptible V. vinifera variety Cabernet Sauvignon had six time more Plasmopara viticola sporangia per leaf disc than the hybrids varieties (p < 0.001). For powdery mildew, the susceptible variety had Ca. 3x104 more spores/cm² leaf area, than the hybrids varieties; (ii) in four tested vineyards, located in different climatic zones, downy mildew was only observed on the V. vinifera varieties; up to 4.6 times more powdery mildew incidence was observed on susceptible V. vinifera references more than on hybrid variety Cabernet Carbon , hybrid varieties Bronner and Prior were only infected with powdery mildew on clusters, up to 33.6 times less than the reference. Souvignier Gris showed no infection in 4 plots over 3 years; (iii) hybrid red grapevine varieties Prior and Cabernet Carbon showed significantly higher levels of antifungal response mediators, such as salicylic acid, than red V. vinifera variety Tempranillo. These elevated metabolite levels correlated with increased resistance to downy and powdery mildews in the hybrids. This study advances our understanding of tolerance mechanisms in hybrid grape varieties and highlights their potential adaptation to Israel's climate in different terroir conditions.
欧洲葡萄易感染霜霉病和白粉病，在以色列每个季节需要进行4至10次化学处理。抗性葡萄品种提供了一种替代方案。弗莱堡葡萄栽培研究所培育的杂交品种被引入以色列，通过基于次生代谢产物谱了解抗性机制，在不同气候区域进行抗病性评估。葡萄树种植在以色列北部的四个不同气候区域。主要发现：（i）在实验室中，人工接种霜霉病后，易感的欧洲葡萄品种赤霞珠每片叶盘上的葡萄生单轴霉孢子囊比杂交品种多6倍（p < 0.001）。对于白粉病，易感品种每平方厘米叶面积的孢子比杂交品种多约3×10⁴个；（ii）在位于不同气候区的四个测试葡萄园里，仅在欧洲葡萄品种上观察到霜霉病；在易感的欧洲葡萄对照品种上观察到的白粉病发病率比杂交品种赤霞珠碳高4.6倍，杂交品种布罗纳和普瑞尔仅在果穗上感染白粉病，比对照少33.6倍。灰苏维翁在3年中的4个地块未表现出感染；（iii）杂交红葡萄品种普瑞尔和赤霞珠碳显示出比红色欧洲葡萄品种丹魄更高水平的抗真菌反应介质，如水杨酸。这些代谢产物水平的升高与杂交品种对霜霉病和白粉病抗性的增强相关。本研究增进了我们对杂交葡萄品种耐受机制的理解，并突出了它们在以色列不同风土条件下对气候的潜在适应性。
