Buhl Caroline, Jacobsen Ramune, Traulsen Janine Marie, Andersen Armin, Almarsdóttir Anna Birna
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Vaccine. 2025 Aug 30;62:127620. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127620. Epub 2025 Aug 18.
Short and valid instruments measuring vaccination attitudes across countries are limited. The recently developed 12-item Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale measures vaccination hesitancy and consists of four subscales: (1) mistrust of vaccine benefits, (2) worries over unforeseen future effects, (3) concerns about commercial profiteering, and (4) preference for natural immunity. The original English version has been translated and validated in different languages. This study aimed to validate the Danish translation of the VAX scale.
The Danish translation of the VAX scale was distributed to Danish citizens using social media via the online survey system SurveyXact. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) examined the factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated for the entire scale and all subscales. Known group validity was tested using vaccination status. Criterion validity was assessed using the beliefs about medicines questionnaire (BMQ).
Analysis of responses from 194 participants revealed an adequate four-subscale construct (GFI = 0.939, AGFI = 0.901, NFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.976, CFI = 0.982, RMSEA = 0.056, SRMR = 0.037, p = 0.005) and a high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α 0.934 for the entire scale, 0.920, 0.824, 0.833, and 0.899 for the four subscales, respectively). COVID-19 vaccinated participants showed significantly lower VAX scale scores (Mean(SD) = 2.36(0.83)) compared to non-vaccinated (Mean(SD) = 4.88(0.93)). A significant correlation was found with BMQ-general (r = -0.716, p < 0.01).
The Danish translation of the VAX scale demonstrated a well-defined four-factor structure with high internal consistency, known group validity, and criterion validity. It is a useful tool to measure vaccination hesitancy in Denmark.
用于衡量各国疫苗接种态度的简短且有效的工具有限。最近开发的12项疫苗接种态度调查问卷（VAX）量表用于测量疫苗犹豫程度，由四个子量表组成：（1）对疫苗益处的不信任；（2）对不可预见的未来影响的担忧；（3）对商业牟利的关注；（4）对自然免疫的偏好。原始英文版本已被翻译成不同语言并进行了验证。本研究旨在验证VAX量表的丹麦语翻译版本。
通过在线调查系统SurveyXact，利用社交媒体将VAX量表的丹麦语翻译版本分发给丹麦公民。验证性因素分析（CFA）检验因素结构。对整个量表和所有子量表评估内部一致性信度。使用疫苗接种状况测试已知群体效度。使用药物信念问卷（BMQ）评估效标效度。
对194名参与者的回答进行分析，结果显示有一个合适的四分量表结构（GFI = 0.939，AGFI = 0.901，NFI = 0.955，TLI = 0.976，CFI = 0.982，RMSEA = 0.056，SRMR = 0.如果您还有其他需求，请随时告诉我。037，p = 0.005）以及较高的内部一致性信度（整个量表的Cronbach's α为0.934，四个子量表的Cronbach's α分别为0.920、0.824、0.833和0.899）。与未接种新冠疫苗的参与者（均值（标准差）= 4.88（0.93））相比，接种新冠疫苗的参与者的VAX量表得分显著更低（均值（标准差）= 2.36（0.83））。与BMQ-一般量表发现显著相关性（r = -0.716，p < 0.01）。
VAX量表的丹麦语翻译版本显示出明确的四因素结构，具有较高的内部一致性、已知群体效度和效标效度。它是丹麦测量疫苗犹豫程度的有用工具。
