Li Chen, Lu Yicheng, Chen Mingxuan, Zhang Qing, Zhang Zhe, Xi Wenqun, Yang Weihua
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, SuZhou, Jiangsu, China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, SuZhou, Jiangsu, China.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2025 Aug 4;250:10544. doi: 10.3389/ebm.2025.10544. eCollection 2025.
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness globally, imposing a significant socioeconomic burden. While diet is associated with various eye diseases, the causal relationship between dietary-related characteristics (DRCs) and cataract remains unclear. This study investigates the causal associations between DRCs and cataract using Mendelian randomization (MR) to provide insights into potential dietary interventions for cataract prevention. We conducted a two-sample MR analysis using data from the open GWAS database, focusing on individuals of European descent. Instrumental variables were selected based on stringent criteria, and multiple MR methods were applied to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the findings. Significant causal associations were found between oily fish intake (OR = 0.86) and variation in diet (OR = 1.26) with cataract. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these findings. Mediation effect analysis suggested that the intake of oily fish might indirectly influence cataract risk through metabolites. This study provides evidence for causal relationships between specific DRCs and cataract, highlighting the potential role of dietary interventions in cataract prevention.
白内障是全球失明的主要原因，带来了巨大的社会经济负担。虽然饮食与多种眼部疾病有关，但饮食相关特征（DRC）与白内障之间的因果关系仍不明确。本研究使用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法调查DRC与白内障之间的因果关联，以深入了解预防白内障的潜在饮食干预措施。我们利用公开的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据库的数据进行了两样本MR分析，重点关注欧洲血统的个体。根据严格标准选择工具变量，并应用多种MR方法估计因果效应。敏感性分析评估了研究结果的稳健性。发现油性鱼类摄入量（OR = 0.86）和饮食变化（OR = 1.26）与白内障之间存在显著的因果关联。敏感性分析支持了这些结果的稳健性。中介效应分析表明，油性鱼类的摄入可能通过代谢产物间接影响白内障风险。本研究为特定DRC与白内障之间的因果关系提供了证据，突出了饮食干预在预防白内障中的潜在作用。
