Tsoupas Alexandros, Reyna-Blanco Carlos S, Quilodrán Claudio S, Blöcher Jens, Brami Maxime, Wegmann Daniel, Burger Joachim, Currat Mathias
Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Sci Adv. 2025 Aug 22;11(34):eadq9976. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adq9976. Epub 2025 Aug 20.
The replacement of hunter-gatherer lifestyles by agriculture represents a pivotal change in human history. The initial stage of this Neolithic transition in Europe was instigated by the migration of farmers from Anatolia and the Aegean basin. In this study, we modeled the expansion of Neolithic farmers into central Europe along the continental route of dispersal. We used spatially explicit simulations of paleogenomic diversity and high-quality paleogenomic data from 67 prehistoric individuals to assess how population dynamics between Indigenous European hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers varied across space and time. Our results demonstrate that admixture between the two groups increased locally over time at each stage of the Neolithic expansion along the continental route. We estimate that the effective population size of farmers was about five times that of hunter-gatherers. In addition, we infer that sporadic long-distance migrations of early farmers contributed to their rapid dispersal, while competitive interactions with hunter-gatherers were limited.
农业取代狩猎采集生活方式是人类历史上的一个关键转变。欧洲新石器时代转型的初始阶段是由来自安纳托利亚和爱琴海盆地的农民迁移所引发的。在本研究中，我们模拟了新石器时代农民沿着大陆扩散路线向中欧的扩张。我们使用了空间明确的古基因组多样性模拟以及来自67个史前个体的高质量古基因组数据，以评估欧洲本土狩猎采集者和迁入农民之间的种群动态如何随时间和空间变化。我们的结果表明，在新石器时代沿着大陆路线扩张的每个阶段，两组之间的混合随着时间的推移在当地有所增加。我们估计农民的有效种群规模约为狩猎采集者的五倍。此外，我们推断早期农民的零星长途迁移促成了他们的快速扩散，而与狩猎采集者的竞争互动则较为有限。
