Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
School of Archaeology, and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 5;8(1):14879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33067-w.
Ancient DNA genome-wide analyses of Neolithic individuals from central and southern Europe indicate an overall population turnover pattern in which migrating farmers from Anatolia and the Near East largely replaced autochthonous Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. However, the genetic history of the Neolithic transition in areas lying north of the European Neolithic core region involved different levels of admixture with hunter-gatherers. Here we analyse genome-wide data of 17 individuals spanning from the Middle Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (4300-1900 BCE) in order to assess the Neolithic transition in north-central Poland, and the local impacts of hunter-farmer contacts and Late Neolithic steppe migrations. We evaluate the influence of these on local populations and assess if and how they change through time, reporting evidence of recurrent hunter-farmer admixture over three millennia, and the co-existence of unadmixed hunter-gatherers as late as 4300 BCE. During the Late Neolithic we report the appearance of steppe ancestry, but on a lesser scale than previously described for other central European regions, with evidence of stronger affinities to hunter-gatherers than to steppe pastoralists. These results help understand the Neolithic palaeogenomics of another central European area, Kuyavia, and highlight the complexity of population interactions during those times.
对来自欧洲中部和南部的新石器时代个体的古 DNA 全基因组分析表明，总体上存在人口更替模式，即来自安纳托利亚和近东的移民农民在很大程度上取代了当地的中石器时代狩猎采集者。然而，欧洲新石器时代核心区域以北地区的新石器时代过渡的遗传历史涉及与狩猎采集者不同程度的混合。在这里，我们分析了 17 个人的全基因组数据，这些个体跨越从中石器时代到早期青铜时代（公元前 4300-1900 年），以评估波兰中北部的新石器时代过渡，以及狩猎-农民接触和晚新时器时代草原移民的当地影响。我们评估了这些对当地人口的影响，并评估它们是否以及如何随时间变化，报告了三个千年中反复发生的狩猎-农民混合的证据，以及直到公元前 4300 年仍未混合的狩猎采集者的共存。在晚新时器时代，我们报告了草原祖先的出现，但规模小于以前描述的其他中欧地区，与狩猎采集者的亲缘关系比与草原牧民的亲缘关系更强。这些结果有助于了解另一个中欧地区库亚维亚的新石器时代古基因组学，并强调了当时人口相互作用的复杂性。
