Wang Xiao-Gao, Wang Ying, Gao Yong, Lu Ran, Guan Ze-Yu, Chen Shi-Yuan
Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China.
Department of School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China.
World J Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 19;15(8):105760. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.105760.
The prevalence of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) in China is progressively increasing with the increment in age. Certain patients may be diagnosed with lower extremity arterial stenosis and occlusion that resist complete curative efforts, which will invariably impose a substantial psychological strain on them.
To investigate the anxiety and depression conditions among patients with LEASO and analyze the associated risk factors.
The Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from January 2019 to December 2022. Their demographic and clinical data were obtained through the basic information questionnaire. The social support situation was assessed with the social support rating scale, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale were used to analyze their depression and anxiety levels.
The prevalence rate of anxiety was 44.0% among the 159 patients, with a total Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score of 49.01 ± 9.65. The incidence of depression was 40.9%, and the total self-rating depression scale score reached 49.91 ± 9.18. The overall social support score for all participants averaged 24.82 ± 5.80. The correlation analysis between social support scores and anxiety and depression scores revealed that the total social support score, subjective social support, objective social support, as well as the degree of social support utilization, all exhibited a significant negative correlation with the anxiety and depression scores, which was statistically significant ( < 0.05). The univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the depression and anxiety states among patients with varying pain manifestations, disease stages, disease durations, and social support magnitudes ( < 0.05). The multivariate analysis further demonstrated that patients presenting with intermittent claudication, rest pain, and pain, whose disease course was within half a year, and who had relatively low social support, were more predisposed to anxiety. Intriguingly, a monthly income of > 6000 yuan was considered a protective factor in this context ( < 0.05). Similarly, patients with intermittent claudication, rest pain, gangrene, and pain, and who had relatively low social support, were more liable to succumb to depressive moods ( < 0.05).
Patients with LEASO typically receive relatively scant social support. Notably, those who concurrently present with symptoms, such as pain, claudication, and gangrene, are at a substantially increased risk of developing depression and anxiety disorders. A significant negative correlation is manifested between the social support level that patients receive and the severity of their anxiety and depression symptoms. Hence, the lower the social support score, the greater the propensity for patients to experience anxiety and depressive emotions. Therefore, during clinical practice, the crucial role that social support plays in safeguarding patients' physical and mental well-being as well as facilitating the effectiveness of disease treatment needs to be particularly emphasized.
随着年龄增长，中国下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（LEASO）的患病率呈逐渐上升趋势。部分患者被诊断为下肢动脉狭窄和闭塞，治疗效果欠佳，这必然给他们带来巨大的心理压力。
调查LEASO患者的焦虑和抑郁状况，并分析相关危险因素。
选取蚌埠医学院附属医院2019年1月至2022年12月期间的患者。通过基本信息问卷获取其人口统计学和临床资料。采用社会支持评定量表评估社会支持状况，并用医院焦虑抑郁量表分析其抑郁和焦虑水平。
159例患者中焦虑患病率为44.0%，焦虑自评量表总分为49.01±9.65。抑郁发生率为40.9%，抑郁自评量表总分达49.91±9.18。所有参与者的社会支持总分平均为24.82±5.80。社会支持得分与焦虑和抑郁得分的相关性分析显示，社会支持总分、主观社会支持、客观社会支持以及社会支持利用度与焦虑和抑郁得分均呈显著负相关，差异有统计学意义（<0.05）。单因素分析显示，不同疼痛表现、疾病分期、病程及社会支持程度的患者在抑郁和焦虑状态方面差异有统计学意义（<0.05）。多因素分析进一步表明，出现间歇性跛行、静息痛和疼痛，病程在半年以内且社会支持相对较低的患者更容易发生焦虑。有趣的是，在这种情况下月收入>6000元被认为是一个保护因素（<0.05）。同样，出现间歇性跛行、静息痛、坏疽和疼痛且社会支持相对较低的患者更容易出现抑郁情绪（<0.05）。
LEASO患者通常获得的社会支持相对较少。值得注意的是，那些同时伴有疼痛、跛行和坏疽等症状的患者患抑郁和焦虑症的风险大幅增加。患者获得的社会支持水平与焦虑和抑郁症状的严重程度之间存在显著负相关。因此，社会支持得分越低，患者出现焦虑和抑郁情绪的倾向就越大。所以，在临床实践中，需要特别强调社会支持在保障患者身心健康以及提高疾病治疗效果方面所起的关键作用。
