Claverie Damien, Duffaud Anaïs, Pellissier Sonia, Jacob Sandrine, Vigier Cécile, Danguy des Déserts Marc, Pasquier Pierre, Escarment Jacques, Canini Frédéric, Trousselard Marion
Unité Neurophysiologie du Stress, Département Neurosciences et Contraintes Opérationnelles, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP/PC2S), Grenoble, France.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 21;20(8):e0328064. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328064. eCollection 2025.
Caregivers in intensive care units are exposed to high levels of stress, which were exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the incidence of stress-related disorders, including burnout.
We evaluated the influence of mindfulness and coping flexibility in the early days of burnout development in a prospective study of 50 military caregivers working in a mobile resuscitation unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. We visited the participants at the end of deployment (day 0; D0) and three weeks later (D21). On D0, the participants completed questionnaires assessing mindfulness (Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory; FMI), coping flexibility (Flexcop), and burnout (Burnout Measure, Short Version; BMS). Subjective sleep symptoms were also assessed to evaluate their relationship with burnout. The BMS was repeated on D21.
Four short-term burnout evolutions were observed: (i) "healthy" on D0 and D21; (ii) "exhausted," healthy on D0 and burnout on D21; (iii) "resilient," burnout on D0 and healthy on D21; and (iv) "burnout" on D0 and D21. Compared with healthy participants on D0, only resilient participants had lower FMI (η2 = 0.22; p = 0.032). Exhausted participants had more difficulty waking, and burnout participants had higher daytime fatigue than healthy participants. FMI scores on D0 negatively correlated with BMS scores on D21 (r = ‒0.40 r2 = 0.16 p = 0.009) for the entire population, and also after excluding burnout status at D0 (r = ‒0.41 r2 = 0.17 p = 0.02). Flexcop scores on D0 did not correlate with BMS scores on D21.
This study underlines the importance of mindfulness in the early days of burnout onset, and suggests considering its reinforcement for prevention of burnout and its measurement as a potential biomarker of burnout risk.
重症监护病房的护理人员面临着高度压力，在新冠疫情期间这种压力进一步加剧，导致与压力相关的疾病发病率上升，包括职业倦怠。
在一项前瞻性研究中，我们评估了正念和应对灵活性在职业倦怠发展初期的影响。该研究涉及50名在新冠疫情期间于移动复苏单元工作的军队护理人员。我们在部署结束时（第0天；D0）和三周后（第21天；D21）对参与者进行了回访。在D0时，参与者完成了评估正念（弗莱堡正念量表；FMI）、应对灵活性（Flexcop）和职业倦怠（职业倦怠测量简版；BMS）的问卷。还评估了主观睡眠症状以评估其与职业倦怠的关系。在D21时重复进行BMS评估。
观察到四种短期职业倦怠演变情况：（i）在D0和D21时均为“健康”；（ii）“疲惫型”，D0时健康，D21时出现职业倦怠；（iii）“恢复型”，D0时出现职业倦怠，D21时恢复健康；（iv）在D0和D21时均为“职业倦怠型”。与D0时的健康参与者相比，只有恢复型参与者的FMI得分较低（η2 = 0.22；p = 0.032）。疲惫型参与者醒来更困难，职业倦怠型参与者白天的疲劳程度高于健康参与者。对于整个人群，D0时的FMI得分与D21时的BMS得分呈负相关（r = -0.40，r2 = 0.16，p = 0.009），在排除D0时的职业倦怠状态后也是如此（r = -0.41，r2 = 0.17，p = 0.02）。D0时的Flexcop得分与D21时的BMS得分不相关。
本研究强调了正念在职业倦怠发病初期的重要性，并建议考虑加强正念以预防职业倦怠，并将其测量作为职业倦怠风险的潜在生物标志物。
