Martin J F
Trop Geogr Med. 1985 Sep;37(3):S55-9.
Use of the oral live poliomyelitis vaccine in the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) requires that the children to be vaccinated must be seen four times during the first ten months of life. In practice this requirement presents considerable problems for parents as is evident from the high drop-out rate. Introduction of the new inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine into vaccination programmes enables children to be effectivly protected against the six diseases of the EPI in only two visits. Vaccination coverage can thus be considerably increased. At the same time, by reducing the number of visits, both the recurrent costs and the investment costs can be reduced. However, the cost of the vaccines would be increased noticeably since production of the inactivated poliomyetlitis vaccine is much more expensive than the production of the live vaccine. An indication is provided of the likely price of the new concentrated and purified inactivated vaccine. The efficiency/cost ratio, measured by the cost of a completely vaccinated child, will, nevertheless, be considerably improved. Therefore, the new inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine allows the coverage of the EPI to be greatly increased under satisfactory conditions.
在扩大免疫规划（EPI）中使用口服脊髓灰质炎活疫苗要求，需在儿童出生后的头十个月内进行四次接种。实际上，这一要求给家长带来了诸多问题，高辍学率就明显体现了这一点。将新型灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗引入免疫规划，仅需两次接种就能有效保护儿童预防EPI中的六种疾病。这样一来，疫苗接种覆盖率就能大幅提高。同时，通过减少接种次数，既能降低经常性成本，也能降低投资成本。然而，由于灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗的生产成本远高于活疫苗，疫苗成本会显著增加。文中给出了新型浓缩纯化灭活疫苗可能的价格。不过，以完全接种疫苗儿童的成本衡量的效率/成本比将得到大幅改善。因此，新型灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗能在令人满意的条件下大幅提高EPI的覆盖率。
