Ukwas Abdouldaim, Porter Stephen R
UCL Eastman Dental Institute, UCL Rockefeller Building, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6DE, United Kingdom.
Br Dent J. 2025 Aug;239(4):249-255. doi: 10.1038/s41415-025-8814-0. Epub 2025 Aug 22.
Like many other body structures, the mouth is often affected by disease that principally arises from, or targets, several tissue sites. Indeed, systemic disorders can manifest on the oral mucosa as the first, only, or become the most severe manifestation of a systemic disease and/or become the most significant factor to adversely affect an individual's quality of life. Oral healthcare providers (dentists, therapists and hygienists) may be the first to observe an abnormality in the mouth which sometimes indicates a significant systemic disease unknown to the patient or their general medical practitioner. The role of the majority of oral healthcare providers is not necessarily to determine the diagnosis but to take appropriate actions when there is a possible abnormality, as this can, and often will, make a positive difference to the patient and indeed, those around them.The aim of the present article is to provide a succinct review of the oral features of early systemic disease. There is no intention to discuss every possible scenario but to present the most likely and demonstrate the wide range of disease processes that may impact upon the mouth. The article does not consider the early orofacial features of systemic drug therapy, as while this is an area of immense change, it falls outside the scope of the present review.
与许多其他身体结构一样，口腔常受主要源自或针对多个组织部位的疾病影响。事实上，全身性疾病可在口腔黏膜上首先表现出来，或成为全身性疾病唯一的表现，亦或成为最严重的表现，和/或成为对个体生活质量产生不利影响的最重要因素。口腔保健提供者（牙医、治疗师和口腔卫生员）可能是最先观察到口腔异常的人，而这种异常有时预示着患者或其全科医生未知的重大全身性疾病。大多数口腔保健提供者的职责不一定是做出诊断，而是在出现可能的异常情况时采取适当行动，因为这能够而且往往会对患者乃至其周围的人产生积极影响。本文旨在简要综述早期全身性疾病的口腔特征。无意讨论每种可能的情况，而是介绍最有可能出现的情况，并展示可能影响口腔的广泛疾病过程。本文不考虑全身性药物治疗的早期口腔颌面特征，因为尽管这是一个变化巨大的领域，但它不属于本综述的范围。
