Rizvi S A, Naqvi S A, Hussain Z, Shahjehan S
Br J Urol. 1985 Dec;57(6):618-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1985.tb07018.x.
One hundred and fifty children up to the age of 12 years with documented evidence of renal or ureteric stones were studied between July 1973 and June 1983. The peak age group was between 10 and 12 years, the male to female ratio being 1.9:1. Abdominal pain was the commonest presenting symptom (66.6%). Asymptomatic stones or vague symptoms in 23 patients warrant a higher index of suspicion of renal stone disease in children. Thirty patients had associated renal insufficiency. One third of the children had a positive urine culture, Proteus spp. being the commonest organism. Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract were seen in 12% of patients. In the majority (59%), aetiological factors related to stone formation could not be identified. One hundred and thirty patients underwent surgery for removal of stones. Analysis of calculi by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy revealed that stones were predominantly of mixed type, calcium oxalate being the commonest compound. The overall recurrence rate following surgical removal was 15%.
1973年7月至1983年6月期间，对150名12岁以下有肾结石或输尿管结石记录证据的儿童进行了研究。年龄峰值组在10至12岁之间，男女比例为1.9:1。腹痛是最常见的症状（66.6%）。23例无症状结石或症状不明确的患儿应提高对儿童肾结石病的怀疑指数。30例患儿伴有肾功能不全。三分之一的儿童尿培养呈阳性，变形杆菌属是最常见的病原体。12%的患者有先天性尿路异常。在大多数患者（59%）中，无法确定与结石形成相关的病因。130例患者接受了结石清除手术。通过X射线衍射和红外光谱对结石进行分析，结果显示结石主要为混合型，草酸钙是最常见的成分。手术切除后的总体复发率为15%。
