Al-Rasheed S A, el-Faqih S R, Husain I, Abdurrahman M, al-Mugeirin M M
Department of Paediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Int Urol Nephrol. 1995;27(4):349-55. doi: 10.1007/BF02550067.
The clinical and aetiological pattern in 85 stone-forming children presenting to an integrated nephrourological service in Riyadh is reviewed. All patients were below the age of 15 years, the male to female ratio being 2:1. Only 2 children presented with bladder calculi. The remaining all had upper tract stones and, in 12 cases, these were bilateral. Of 34 calculi recovered for analysis, one-third was predominantly calcium oxalate and a further third was composed of uric acid or urate. Four patients had cysteine stones and the remaining 7 presented mixed calcium stones, 6 (17.6%) being struvite and infection-related. Of the 85 patients 55 were treated successfully with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 16 underwent surgery and 7 had their stones removed by endourological procedures. In the remaining 7 children, stones dissolved or were passed spontaneously during medical therapy. Nine children (10.6%) showed a primary metabolic defect leading to their stone formation, 10 (11.8%) had a predisposing anatomical anomaly and 15 (17.6%) presented with urinary tract infection. Of the remaining 51 patients (60%) with idiopathic disease, 6 showed hypercalciuria on investigation and 2 children may have formed their stones due to prolonged recumbency.
对利雅得一家综合肾脏泌尿外科诊所收治的85例结石患儿的临床及病因模式进行了回顾。所有患者年龄均在15岁以下，男女比例为2:1。仅2例患儿患有膀胱结石。其余患儿均有上尿路结石，其中12例为双侧结石。在回收用于分析的34块结石中，三分之一主要为草酸钙结石，另有三分之一由尿酸或尿酸盐组成。4例患者有胱氨酸结石，其余7例为混合性钙结石，6例（17.6%）为磷酸镁铵结石且与感染相关。85例患者中，55例通过体外冲击波碎石术成功治疗，16例接受了手术，7例通过腔内泌尿外科手术取出结石。其余7例患儿的结石在药物治疗期间溶解或自行排出。9例患儿（10.6%）存在导致结石形成的原发性代谢缺陷，10例（11.8%）有易患的解剖学异常，15例（17.6%）患有尿路感染。其余51例（60%）特发性疾病患者中，6例检查显示高钙尿症，2例患儿可能因长期卧床而形成结石。
