Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
Int Urol Nephrol. 2010 Sep;42(3):621-8. doi: 10.1007/s11255-009-9676-0. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
The epidemiology of renal stones has changed all over the world toward a predominance of calcium oxalate stones. However, studies evaluating the influence of age and gender on the distribution of the various types of urinary calculi are scarce. We will present the results of a study based on 205 calculi (from 122 boys and 83 girls) analyzed by infrared spectroscopy between 1993 and 2007. 90% of stones were collected by surgery, whereas only 6% by spontaneous passage. The biological exploration was performed in only 126 cases. Etiology was metabolic in 13.5%. 10.7% of stones were infectious, 13.1% were endemic and 54.9% were idiopathic. 7.8% were secondary to urinary stasis with malformation but no infection. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) was the predominant constituent in 54.7% of stones, followed by calcium phosphate and purines 14.6% in each of the cases. We found an increasing prevalence of calcium oxalate stones with age in both genders (42.9% in infant vs. 59.3% in child) (P < 0.05). Struvite stones were more frequent in infant than children. Purine stones were predominant in 20% of cases, but its prevalence decreases with age. The increase in calcium oxalate stone in school age children and the decrease in struvite and purine stones confirm the change on the etiology of urolithiasis according to age.
肾结石的流行病学在全球范围内发生了变化，草酸钙结石的比例逐渐增加。然而，评估年龄和性别对各种类型尿结石分布影响的研究却很少。我们将介绍一项基于 1993 年至 2007 年间通过红外光谱分析的 205 颗结石（来自 122 名男孩和 83 名女孩）的研究结果。90%的结石是通过手术采集的，而只有 6%是通过自然排出的。只有 126 例进行了生物探查。代谢性病因占 13.5%。10.7%的结石是感染性的，13.1%是地方性的，54.9%是特发性的。7.8%继发于无感染的尿路梗阻和畸形。草酸钙（CaOx）是 54.7%结石的主要成分，其次是磷酸钙和嘌呤，各占 14.6%。我们发现，在两性中，随着年龄的增长，草酸钙结石的患病率均增加（婴儿为 42.9%，儿童为 59.3%）（P < 0.05）。婴儿中碳酸铵镁结石比儿童更常见。嘌呤结石占 20%，但其患病率随年龄增长而下降。学龄儿童中草酸钙结石的增加和碳酸铵镁及嘌呤结石的减少证实了结石病因随年龄变化的情况。
