Said Alaa Hassan, Shaibah Fatma, Moustafa M, Elamary Rokaia B
Electronics and Nano Devices Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
Physics Department, Faculty of Science Qena, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 24;15(1):31096. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15951-4.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles are renowned for their diverse properties, including magnetic, electrical, optical, and catalytic capabilities, making them highly suitable for both industrial and biomedical applications. This study synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles using both chemical and green synthesis methods with extracts from four plant species: Medicago sativa L., Euphorbia milii Des Moul., Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss., and Helianthus annuus L. All samples had consistent face-centered cubic structures, as proven by X-ray diffraction. However, electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that the green-synthesized particles had tighter size distributions and unique surface functions due to the presence of plant phytochemicals. According to in vitro tests, Codiaeum variegatum mediated nanoparticles showed the strongest multifunctional bioactivity, including increased scavenging of free radicals, targeted cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells, and substantial inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and important enzymes that hydrolyze carbohydrates. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus was efficiently reduced by both chemically produced and Codiaeum variegatum derived nanoparticles, whereas biofilm experiments shown that Medicago sativa derived nanoparticles caused greater disruption. These findings demonstrate that the performance of nanoparticles is controlled by their botanical source, allowing NiO nanoparticles to be tailored for specific medicinal uses. Our results open the door for additional in vivo testing and process optimization while validating green synthesis as an environmentally responsible method of producing NiO nanoparticles with adjustable bioactivities.
氧化镍纳米颗粒因其多样的性质而闻名，包括磁性、电性、光学和催化能力，这使其非常适合工业和生物医学应用。本研究使用化学合成法和绿色合成法，利用四种植物提取物合成了氧化镍纳米颗粒，这四种植物分别是紫花苜蓿、虎刺梅、变叶木和向日葵。X射线衍射证明，所有样品均具有一致的面心立方结构。然而，电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱显示，由于植物植物化学物质的存在，绿色合成的颗粒具有更紧密的尺寸分布和独特的表面功能。根据体外试验，变叶木介导的纳米颗粒表现出最强的多功能生物活性，包括增加自由基清除、对A549肺癌细胞的靶向细胞毒性，以及对环氧合酶-1和水解碳水化合物的重要酶的显著抑制。抗菌试验表明，化学合成的纳米颗粒和变叶木衍生的纳米颗粒均能有效减少金黄色葡萄球菌，而生物膜实验表明，紫花苜蓿衍生的纳米颗粒造成的破坏更大。这些发现表明，纳米颗粒的性能受其植物来源的控制，这使得氧化镍纳米颗粒能够针对特定的药用用途进行定制。我们的结果为进一步的体内测试和工艺优化打开了大门，同时验证了绿色合成是一种对环境负责的生产具有可调节生物活性的氧化镍纳米颗粒的方法。
