Hosseinzadegan Fariba, Salamatbakhsh Maryam, Salehzadeh Mahsa, Nournezhad Homeira, Mohammadpour Yousef
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 May 26;87(7):4026-4033. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000003280. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Medical errors, also known as hospital errors, are preventable incidents within hospitals that can significantly impact patient safety, healthcare costs, and treatment outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to assess the types and extent of hospital errors and their consequences among healthcare professionals.
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational, retrospective study conducted in selected hospitals in Iran, from 2022 to 2023. The study population included all documented hospital errors during this period. The final sample size was 763 based on a previous study's correlation coefficient. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist. The data were entered into SPSS software version 22, coded, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.
The trauma hospital recorded the highest error rate with 298 incidents, accounting for 39.05% of total errors. Most errors were attributed to nurses (52.68%) and occurred during night shifts (42.60%). Common errors included documentation (23.32%), medication (22.28%), and technical issues (17.69%). Consequences varied: 25.55% of errors did not affect patients, while 26.86% reached patients but caused no harm. More severe outcomes included 2.28% resulting in major harm and 1.04% leading to patient deaths. Correlations existed between error types, staff, and hospital types.
Strong correlations between error types, involved staff, and consequences highlight the need for targeted interventions. Improving healthcare personnel training, implementing effective systems, and fostering a safety culture are essential to minimize the negative impact of medical errors on patient outcomes.
医疗差错，也被称为医院差错，是医院内可预防的事件，会对患者安全、医疗成本和治疗结果产生重大影响。这项回顾性研究旨在评估医院差错的类型、程度及其对医疗专业人员的影响。
这是一项于2022年至2023年在伊朗选定医院进行的横断面、描述性关联回顾性研究。研究人群包括该期间所有记录在案的医院差错。根据先前研究的相关系数，最终样本量为763。数据通过研究者自制的检查表收集。数据录入SPSS 22软件版本，编码后使用描述性和推断性统计检验进行分析。
创伤医院记录的差错率最高，有298起事件，占总差错的39.05%。大多数差错归因于护士（52.68%），且发生在夜班期间（42.60%）。常见差错包括文件记录（23.32%）、用药（22.28%）和技术问题（17.69%）。后果各不相同：25.55%的差错未影响患者，26.86%的差错影响到了患者但未造成伤害。更严重的后果包括2.28%导致重大伤害，1.04%导致患者死亡。差错类型、工作人员和医院类型之间存在相关性。
差错类型、相关工作人员和后果之间的强相关性凸显了有针对性干预措施的必要性。改善医护人员培训、实施有效系统并培育安全文化对于将医疗差错对患者结果的负面影响降至最低至关重要。
