植物株型的遗传解析揭示了在氮肥施用量有限的情况下控制油菜中与库相关性状的单倍型。

Genetic dissection of plant architecture reveals haplotypes controlling sink-related traits in oilseed rape under limited nitrogen fertilization.

作者信息

Weber Sven, Eckert Andreas, Snowdon Rod J, Stahl Andreas

机构信息

Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.

Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI)- Federal Research Center of Cultivated Crops, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.

出版信息

BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Aug 27;25(1):1138. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07035-2.

DOI:10.1186/s12870-025-07035-2

PMID:40859129

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12382299/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Plant architecture and primary yield components strongly influence the sink strength for nitrogen in winter oilseed rape (). Their optimization can contribute substantially to enhance nitrogen utilization efficiency, reduce the nitrogen balance surplus and thus reduce negative side effects of oilseed rape cultivation. However, the genetic architecture of individual yield components is not sufficiently understood, and enhanced knowledge could accelerate breeding of more efficient varieties. Here, we manually assessed yield components and plant architectural traits in 323 experimental F1 hybrids derived from crosses between 162 father lines from a winter oilseed rape nested association mapping population and two different maternal testers.

RESULTS

We observed significant genetic effects and differences between the two mothers for all traits. Although the mean number of siliques on side branches showed comparatively little variation, the F1 hybrids from the two different maternal testers differed greatly in their distribution of siliques on the side branches. On the sixth-lowest side branches from the base of the stem (level 6) the number of siliques was correlated with grain yield ( >0.3) and showed the highest heritability (h = 0.289), while heritability for grain yield was h = 0.414.

CONCLUSION

By dissecting the genetic architecture of relevant traits, we identified haplotype blocks associated with the regulation of silique number on individual side branches, explaining up to 8% of total phenotypic variation. For certain alleles of block b000301 on chromosome A10, we observed a strong influence on the number of siliques, which ranged from 10.5 to 43.69 for siliques on side branch levels 11–15 and from 56.36 to 107.24 for siliques on side branch levels 6–10. Important haplotype blocks affecting many subtraits simultaneously were found to overlap with QTL found in other studies, emphasizing their relevance for breeding.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-025-07035-2.

摘要

背景

株型结构和主要产量构成因素对冬油菜氮素的库强有强烈影响。对它们进行优化能够极大地提高氮素利用效率，减少氮平衡盈余，从而降低油菜种植的负面效应。然而，对于单个产量构成因素的遗传结构，我们了解得还不够充分，深入了解这方面知识能够加速培育更高效品种。在此，我们人工评估了来自冬油菜巢式关联作图群体的162个父本系与两个不同母本测验种杂交产生的323个实验F1杂种的产量构成因素和株型结构性状。

结果

我们观察到所有性状均存在显著的遗传效应以及两个母本之间的差异。虽然侧枝上的角果平均数量变化相对较小，但来自两个不同母本测验种的F1杂种在侧枝上角果的分布上差异很大。在从茎基部起倒数第六低的侧枝（第6级）上，角果数量与籽粒产量相关（>0.3），并且表现出最高的遗传力（h = 0.289），而籽粒产量的遗传力为h = 0.414。

结论

通过剖析相关性状的遗传结构，我们鉴定出了与单个侧枝上角果数调控相关的单倍型块，解释了高达8%的总表型变异。对于A10染色体上b000301块的某些等位基因，我们观察到其对角果数量有强烈影响，侧枝11 - 15级上的角果数在10.5至43.69之间，侧枝6 - 10级上的角果数在56.36至107.24之间。发现同时影响许多亚性状的重要单倍型块与其他研究中发现的QTL重叠，强调了它们在育种中的相关性。