Parihar Mansi, W N Niharika, Biswas Rajib, Dehury Budheswar, Mazumder Nirmal
Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India
Department of Physics, Tezpur University Assam India.
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 19;15(36):29267-29283. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03897a. eCollection 2025 Aug 18.
The ongoing demand for rapid, accurate, accessible diagnostics has significantly increased point-of-care (POC) biosensors. This review provides an overview of diverse biosensors, focusing on their principles, components, detection mechanisms, and applications in infectious disease diagnosis. We explore how these biosensors utilize various transduction techniques-such as current modulation, refractive index shifts, and mechanical resonance to convert biorecognition events into measurable signals. The importance of biosensors in detecting infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, Tuberculosis, and Malaria is highlighted, particularly for early detection in resource-limited settings. However, persistent challenges remain in achieving integrated, miniaturized platforms capable of real-time, multianalyte detection. Additionally, the full potential of biosensors is yet to be realized owing to limited clinical translation, scalability issues, and insufficient integration with digital health technologies. This review identifies these critical areas for future innovation and discusses strategies to increase diagnostic accuracy, accessibility, and global health impact.
对快速、准确、可及的诊断方法的持续需求显著增加了即时检测（POC）生物传感器的应用。本综述概述了各种生物传感器，重点介绍了它们的原理、组件、检测机制以及在传染病诊断中的应用。我们探讨了这些生物传感器如何利用各种转导技术，如电流调制、折射率变化和机械共振，将生物识别事件转化为可测量的信号。强调了生物传感器在检测COVID-19、HIV、结核病和疟疾等传染病中的重要性，特别是在资源有限的环境中进行早期检测。然而，在实现能够进行实时、多分析物检测的集成化、小型化平台方面，仍然存在持续的挑战。此外，由于临床转化有限、可扩展性问题以及与数字健康技术的整合不足，生物传感器的全部潜力尚未得到实现。本综述确定了这些未来创新的关键领域，并讨论了提高诊断准确性、可及性和全球健康影响的策略。
