重大体育赛事期间有效的反兴奋剂检测计划：对2017年和2023年在波兰举行的两项多项目体育赛事的比较分析
Effective anti-doping testing program during major sport events: a comparative analysis of two multi-sport tournaments held in Poland in 2017 and 2023.
作者信息
Lipska Elżbieta, Szamotulska Katarzyna, Kwiatkowska Dorota, Rynkowski Michał
机构信息
Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
出版信息
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Aug 11;7:1628088. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1628088. eCollection 2025.
INTRODUCTION
Major Sporting Events (MSEs), particularly Multi-Sport Tournaments (MSTs), present significant logistical and operational challenges in the implementation of effective Anti-Doping Programs (ADPs). This study presents a comparative analysis of ADP implementation during two MSTs hosted in Poland: The World Games 2017 (TWG 2017) and the European Games 2023 (EG 2023).
METHODS
The analysis encompasses organizational logistics, sample collection processes, laboratory testing, and the broader implications for national anti-doping activities conducted by the Polish Anti-Doping Agency (POLADA) and the Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory (PLAD), which in 2017 operated under the name Department of Anti-Doping Research at the Institute of Sport.
RESULTS
TWG 2017 involved 3,292 athletes, whereas EG 2023 hosted 6,380 participants. Although both events utilized the same number of sport venues, the wider geographical distribution of EG 2023 introduced greater logistical complexity. The number of Sample Collection Personnel (SCP) increased in absolute terms for EG 2023, comprising 90 Doping Control Officers (DCO) and 120 chaperones, in contrast to 37 DCOs and 35 chaperones during TWG 2017. However, when adjusted to the number of athletes, the increase was not statistically significant. This rise in SCP corresponded to a significant increase in testing volume: 1,210 samples were collected at EG 2023 compared to 401 at TWG 2017, with a notably higher proportion of out-of-competition tests. Both MSTs placed considerable demands on the routine operations of POLADA and PLAD.
DISCUSSION
Despite structural similarities and the involvement of shared institutional stakeholders, EG 2023 represented a significant scale-up in ADP due to the increased number of athletes, greater geographical dispersion, and enhanced testing complexity. These findings underscore the necessity for scalable, context-specific and coordinated anti-doping strategies. These need to be tailored to the unique operational demands of MSTs, distinguishing them from single-sport events.
引言
重大体育赛事（MSEs），特别是多项目体育赛事（MSTs），在实施有效的反兴奋剂计划（ADPs）方面面临重大的后勤和运营挑战。本研究对在波兰举办的两项多项目体育赛事期间的反兴奋剂计划实施情况进行了比较分析：2017年世界运动会（TWG 2017）和2023年欧洲运动会（EG 2023）。
方法
该分析涵盖组织后勤、样本采集流程、实验室检测，以及对波兰反兴奋剂机构（POLADA）和波兰反兴奋剂实验室（PLAD）开展的国家反兴奋剂活动的更广泛影响，PLAD在2017年以体育研究所反兴奋剂研究部的名义运作。
结果
2017年世界运动会有3292名运动员参赛，而2023年欧洲运动会有6380名参与者。尽管两项赛事使用的体育场馆数量相同，但2023年欧洲运动会更广泛的地理分布带来了更大的后勤复杂性。2023年欧洲运动会样本采集人员（SCP）的绝对数量有所增加，包括90名兴奋剂检查官（DCO）和120名陪同人员，而2017年世界运动会期间有37名DCO和35名陪同人员。然而，按运动员数量进行调整后，增加并不具有统计学意义。SCP的增加对应着检测量的显著增加：2023年欧洲运动会采集了1210份样本，而2017年世界运动会为401份，其中赛外检测的比例明显更高。两项多项目体育赛事对POLADA和PLAD的日常运作都提出了相当高的要求。
讨论
尽管在结构上有相似之处且有共同的机构利益相关者参与，但由于运动员数量增加、地理分布更广以及检测复杂性提高，2023年欧洲运动会代表了反兴奋剂计划的显著扩大。这些发现强调了可扩展的、因地制宜的和协调一致的反兴奋剂策略的必要性。这些策略需要根据多项目体育赛事的独特运营需求进行调整，使其区别于单项体育赛事。
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