Multi-omics insights into surface charge effects to decode the interplay of nanoplastics and bacterial antibiotic resistance.

Multi-omics approaches revealed how nanoplastics with different surface charges influence antibiotic resistance in K12. Positively charged nanoplastics enhanced antibiotic resistance by upregulating genes and proteins linked to oxidative stress tolerance and efflux pumps, and promoted antibiotic resistance genes transfer via conjugation and transformation. In contrast, negatively charged nanoplastics disrupted biofilm formation and metabolism, potentially reducing antibiotic resistance. These findings highlight the critical role of nanoplastics' surface properties in shaping microbial resistance dynamics and highlight emerging risks posed by nanoplastics to public health through accelerated antibiotic resistance propagation.