Mirzaei Fatemeh, Khosravi Hosein, Najafi Masoud, Salimi Mobarakeh, Varkeshi Maryam, Pashaki Abdolazim S, Azmoonfar Rasool
Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Radiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Adv Biomed Res. 2025 Jul 31;14:77. doi: 10.4103/abr.abr_525_24. eCollection 2025.
Radiation exposure significantly affects the health and function of vital organs, such as the lungs. Recently, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have shown promise as radioprotective agents due to their antioxidant properties, free radical scavenging abilities, and effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress, positioning them as potential protectors against radiation-induced damage.
This study involved 30 male Wistar rats, randomly assigned to six groups: control, irradiation only, SeNPs (48 h), SeNPs plus irradiation (48 h), SeNPs (2 w), and SeNPs plus irradiation (2 w). Lung tissue samples were collected at 48 hours and 2 weeks postirradiation for histopathological evaluation of tissue changes and damage.
The study demonstrated that ionizing radiation significantly damages lung tissue. The control group displayed healthy alveoli with squamous type I pneumocytes, free from fibrosis, edema, congestion, or inflammatory cells. In contrast, the irradiated group exhibited severe tissue destruction, inflammation, collagen accumulation, and fibrosis. Histopathological analysis underscored the harmful effects of irradiation and the protective role of SeNPs, which notably reduced inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue at 24 hours and 2 weeks postirradiation.
This study highlights the significant potential of SeNPs as radioprotective agents, showing they mitigate radiation-induced lung damage by preserving tissue integrity and reducing inflammation, consistent with their known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
辐射暴露会显著影响重要器官（如肺）的健康和功能。最近，硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）因其抗氧化特性、自由基清除能力以及在减轻氧化应激方面的有效性，有望成为辐射防护剂，使其成为预防辐射诱导损伤的潜在保护剂。
本研究涉及30只雄性Wistar大鼠，随机分为六组：对照组、仅照射组、SeNPs（48小时）组、SeNPs加照射（48小时）组、SeNPs（2周）组和SeNPs加照射（2周）组。在照射后48小时和2周收集肺组织样本，用于组织变化和损伤的组织病理学评估。
研究表明，电离辐射会显著损伤肺组织。对照组显示肺泡健康，有鳞状I型肺细胞，无纤维化、水肿、充血或炎症细胞。相比之下，照射组表现出严重的组织破坏、炎症、胶原积累和纤维化。组织病理学分析强调了照射的有害影响以及SeNPs的保护作用，SeNPs在照射后24小时和2周时显著减少了肺组织中的炎症和纤维化。
本研究突出了SeNPs作为辐射防护剂的巨大潜力，表明它们通过保持组织完整性和减轻炎症来减轻辐射诱导的肺损伤，这与其已知的抗氧化和抗炎特性一致。
