Chen Jiarui, Li Wenzhe, Wu Canxia, Wu Songqing, Tong Yinghua
Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Aug 15;11(8):595. doi: 10.3390/jof11080595.
The appressorium is a specialised infection structure formed by during host invasion. This study used sulforaphane to regulate the formation rate of , evaluated the correlation between appressorium formation and fungal pathogenicity, and explored its impact on insect cuticular metabolism. The results showed that sulforaphane significantly modulated appressorium formation. Spore suspensions with varying appressorium formation rates were injected into and larvae. As the appressorium formation rate increased, exhibited enhanced pathogenicity, leading to accelerated larval mortality. A significant positive correlation ( ≤ 0.05) was observed between appressorium formation and pathogenicity. LC-MS analysis revealed that, prior to appressorium development, larvae activated defence mechanisms involving secondary metabolites, hormone signalling, and toxin metabolism pathways. Following appressorium formation, 61 unique cuticular compounds were identified, along with activation of host lipid metabolism (notably glycerophospholipid degradation), programmed cell death pathways (ferroptosis, necroptosis), and enhanced energy metabolism via the citric acid cycle-collectively indicating disruption of the epidermal defence barrier. Overall, appressorium development by significantly reshapes the metabolic landscape of the larval cuticle, thereby enhancing fungal virulence. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of .
附着胞是[真菌名称未给出]在侵染宿主过程中形成的一种特殊侵染结构。本研究使用萝卜硫素调节[真菌名称未给出]的附着胞形成率，评估附着胞形成与真菌致病性之间的相关性，并探究其对昆虫表皮代谢的影响。结果表明，萝卜硫素显著调节附着胞的形成。将具有不同附着胞形成率的孢子悬浮液注射到[昆虫名称未给出]和[昆虫名称未给出]幼虫体内。随着附着胞形成率的增加，[真菌名称未给出]的致病性增强，导致幼虫死亡率加快。附着胞形成与致病性之间存在显著正相关（P≤0.05）。液相色谱-质谱联用分析表明，在附着胞发育之前，幼虫激活了涉及次生代谢物、激素信号和毒素代谢途径的防御机制。附着胞形成后，鉴定出61种独特的表皮化合物，同时宿主脂质代谢（尤其是甘油磷脂降解）、程序性细胞死亡途径（铁死亡、坏死性凋亡）被激活，并且通过柠檬酸循环增强了能量代谢，这些共同表明表皮防御屏障被破坏。总体而言，[真菌名称未给出]的附着胞发育显著重塑了幼虫表皮的代谢格局，从而增强了真菌的毒力。本研究为理解[真菌名称未给出]的致病机制提供了理论基础。
