Cordina Maria, Lauri Mary Anne, Lauri Josef
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, WHO Collaborating Centre for Health Professionals Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta.
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Well Being, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2025 Jul 29;13(4):102. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy13040102.
The uptake of the COVID-19 and seasonal influenza (SI) vaccines have decreased in Europe and especially in Malta. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes toward COVID-19 and SI vaccines and determine if individuals perceive that these vaccines are relevant to protect their health and identify reasons for their responses. A cross-sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire, informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, addressing behavior beliefs and attitudes, and targeted at adult residents in Malta, was designed on Google Forms and disseminated using social media between January and March 2024. A total of 555 responses were received. The majority of respondents did not take/intend to take the COVID-19 (75%, = 417) or SI (64.3%, = 362) vaccines, with females being less likely to do so ( = 0.033). Perceived lack of safety (31.3%, = 174) was the primary reason for rejecting the COVID-19 vaccine, and perceived lack of a threat from SI (26%, = 144) was the reason for rejecting the SI vaccine. Those having chronic conditions were positively associated with uptake of both vaccines. In the post-pandemic era, these vaccines are not envisaged as having a major role in protecting one's health. A high degree of skepticism especially toward the combined COVID-19 and SI vaccine in terms of safety, mostly in women, is still present.
在欧洲，尤其是马耳他，新冠疫苗和季节性流感（SI）疫苗的接种率有所下降。本研究旨在调查对新冠疫苗和SI疫苗的态度，确定个体是否认为这些疫苗与保护自身健康相关，并找出他们做出相应反应的原因。一项横断面研究使用了一份匿名问卷，该问卷基于计划行为理论设计，涉及行为信念和态度，目标人群为马耳他的成年居民，于2024年1月至3月在谷歌表单上设计并通过社交媒体进行传播。共收到555份回复。大多数受访者未接种/不打算接种新冠疫苗（75%，n = 417）或SI疫苗（64.3%，n = 362），女性这样做的可能性较小（p = 0.033）。认为缺乏安全性（31.3%，n = 174）是拒绝接种新冠疫苗的主要原因，而认为SI没有威胁（26%，n = 144）是拒绝接种SI疫苗的原因。患有慢性病的人与两种疫苗的接种呈正相关。在疫情后时代，这些疫苗在保护个人健康方面预计不会发挥主要作用。特别是在安全性方面，对新冠疫苗和SI联合疫苗仍存在高度怀疑，这种情况在女性中最为常见。
