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青少年篮球教学的进阶:对训练负荷、发展及健康结果的影响

Pedagogical Progression in Youth Basketball: Impacts on Training Load, Development and Health Outcomes.

作者信息

Souza Lívia Costa Dos Reis, Ribeiro Júnior Dilson Borges, Ibáñez Sergio José, Pereira Matheus Neves Rufino, da Silva Gabriel Torres, Werneck Francisco Zacaron, Bara Filho Maurício Gattás

机构信息

Group of Studies and Research in Basketball (GEPBA), Faculty Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil.

Grupo de Optimización del Entrenamiento y el Rendimiento Deportivo (GOERD), Faculdad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain.

出版信息

Sports (Basel). 2025 Aug 13;13(8):265. doi: 10.3390/sports13080265.

Abstract

The progression of content during the training and development of young athletes is essential, while considering the developmental stages of the students/athletes. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor training sessions to ensure that content progression is followed and to assess how it is implemented. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between different male categories of sports development in basketball through pedagogical variables and external loads planned by the coaches. The sample consisted of 148 sessions and 896 tasks, and the SIATE tool was used to observe both the pedagogical variables and the primary external load variables. Significant differences were observed primarily in the U16 category compared to the U12 and U14 categories. In examining the pedagogical variables, three key aspects were highlighted: content type, training methods, and level of opposition. The external load variables were aligned with the pedagogical variables, suggesting a progression of content. This indicates that instruction should follow an order, in which tactical load evolves from the simplest to the most complex, in accordance with the development and training stage of the students/athletes. The analyzed male basketball team demonstrated a content progression focused on the comprehensive development of the student/athlete, encouraging decision-making, and creating a complex, unpredictable, and random environment that closely resembles the dynamics of the real game.

摘要

在年轻运动员的训练和发展过程中,内容的循序渐进至关重要,同时要考虑学生/运动员的发展阶段。因此,监控训练课程以确保遵循内容的循序渐进并评估其实施方式至关重要。本研究的目的是通过教练计划的教学变量和外部负荷来分析篮球项目中不同男性运动发展类别之间的关联。样本包括148节训练课和896项任务,使用SIATE工具来观察教学变量和主要外部负荷变量。与U12和U14类别相比,主要在U16类别中观察到显著差异。在研究教学变量时,突出了三个关键方面:内容类型、训练方法和对抗水平。外部负荷变量与教学变量一致,表明内容有循序渐进的过程。这表明教学应遵循一定顺序,即战术负荷应根据学生/运动员的发展和训练阶段从最简单发展到最复杂。所分析的男子篮球队展示了以学生/运动员的全面发展为重点的内容循序渐进过程,鼓励决策,并营造了一个类似于真实比赛动态的复杂、不可预测和随机的环境。

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