Shakeel Sharjeel, Sabir Shamsa, Parklak Wason, Kawichai Sawaeng, Kijkuokool Praporn, Khiaolaongam Wiritphon, Ngamsang Pakaphorn, Jiraya Putita, Chuljerm Hataichanok, Fakfum Puriwat, Kulprachakarn Kanokwan
Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
School of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Toxics. 2025 Jul 23;13(8):614. doi: 10.3390/toxics13080614.
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) is linked to metabolic dysfunction, yet evidence on its impact on hormonal regulation remains limited. This study examined seasonal changes in insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and HOMA-IR levels among healthy individuals and those with metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Fifty participants (25 healthy, 25 with MS) were assessed during high (February-April)- and low (May-July)-PM seasons. Insulin levels increased in healthy individuals (mean: 9.3 to 14.9 µIU/mL; = 0.051) and decreased in participants with MS (22.0 to 13.7 µIU/mL; = 0.214), with a significant interaction effect ( = 0.020). Leptin increased significantly in both groups, but more markedly in the MS group ( < 0.001), also with a significant interaction ( < 0.001). HOMA-IR rose significantly in healthy individuals ( = 0.036) but not in participants with MS. Adiponectin remained stable across groups and seasons. At baseline, the MS group had significantly higher rates of diabetes ( = 0.050), hypertension ( = 0.001), and hyperlipidemia ( = 0.049). These findings suggest that PM may influence metabolic and hormonal profiles, particularly in individuals with existing metabolic disorders.
接触细颗粒物（PM）与代谢功能障碍有关，但其对激素调节影响的证据仍然有限。本研究调查了泰国清迈健康个体和患有代谢综合征（MS）的个体中胰岛素、脂联素、瘦素和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）水平的季节性变化。在高PM季节（2月至4月）和低PM季节（5月至7月）对50名参与者（25名健康者，25名患有MS）进行了评估。健康个体的胰岛素水平升高（平均值：从9.3升至14.9 µIU/mL；P = 0.051），而患有MS的参与者胰岛素水平降低（从22.0降至13.7 µIU/mL；P = 0.214），存在显著的交互作用（P = 0.020）。两组的瘦素均显著升高，但在MS组中升高更为明显（P < 0.001），也存在显著的交互作用（P < 0.001）。健康个体的HOMA-IR显著升高（P = 0.036），而患有MS的参与者则未升高。脂联素在各群体和各季节中保持稳定。在基线时，MS组的糖尿病发病率（P = 0.050）、高血压发病率（P = 0.001）和高脂血症发病率（P = 0.049）显著更高。这些发现表明，PM可能会影响代谢和激素水平，尤其是在已有代谢紊乱的个体中。
