Rosado-Sanz María, Martínez-Alarcón Nuria, Abellán-Soriano Adrián, Golfe Raúl, Trinidad Eva M, Font de Mora Jaime
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Biomedicines. 2025 Aug 8;13(8):1945. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13081945.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenging subtype of breast cancer due to its aggressive nature and lack of targeted therapies. Cytokines play a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment, modulating tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapy resistance. In this review, we discuss the complex cytokine networks involved in TNBC biology, highlighting their contribution to key oncogenic processes, including proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunomodulation. We also summarize current and emerging cytokine-targeted therapeutic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, cell-based therapies, and cytokine-armed CAR-T and CAR-NK cell approaches, with a focus on clinical implications and future directions.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）由于其侵袭性本质以及缺乏靶向治疗方法，仍然是乳腺癌中具有挑战性的一种亚型。细胞因子在塑造肿瘤微环境、调节肿瘤进展、免疫逃逸和治疗耐药性方面发挥着关键作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了参与TNBC生物学过程的复杂细胞因子网络，强调它们对关键致癌过程的贡献，包括增殖、血管生成、上皮-间质转化和免疫调节。我们还总结了当前和新兴的细胞因子靶向治疗策略，包括单克隆抗体、双特异性抗体、基于细胞的疗法以及细胞因子武装的CAR-T和CAR-NK细胞方法，重点关注临床意义和未来方向。
