Wille Augustin Luiza, Rinozi Teixeira Pamela, Kolves Kairi
Department of Distance Education, Catholic University Center of Santa Catarina, Jaraguá do Sul 89254-430, Brazil.
Independent Researcher, Florianópolis 88065-033, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025 Jul 29;22(8):1183. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22081183.
Suicide is a growing public health concern in Brazil, with significant increases in mortality rates over the last decade and disparities among vulnerable populations. This study aimed to systematically synthesize the recent literature reviews on suicidality and suicide prevention in Brazil, providing an overview of key findings, research gaps, and implications for future studies. This systematic review of reviews follows a pre-registered PROSPERO protocol (CRD42024561892). Searches across five databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, SciELO and LILACS) identified 10 eligible reviews, published between 2019 and 2024, including systematic, integrative, narrative reviews, and meta-analyses. The reviews examined populations such as Indigenous peoples, adolescents, university students, older adults, and healthcare professionals. Findings showed that the risk of suicidal behavior was associated with mental health conditions, social vulnerability, and limited access to mental health services. Particularly high suicide rates were observed among Indigenous populations and adolescents. Across reviews, a lack of interventional studies, limited geographical coverage, and the inadequate training of health professionals were recurrent themes. This review highlights the urgent need for culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies, greater research investment in underserved populations, and improved healthcare training and coordination. These findings aim to support the development of more effective national suicide prevention policies.
自杀在巴西已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题，过去十年死亡率显著上升，弱势群体之间存在差异。本研究旨在系统地综合巴西近期关于自杀倾向和自杀预防的文献综述，概述主要研究结果、研究差距以及对未来研究的启示。这项综述的系统评价遵循预先注册的PROSPERO协议（CRD42024561892）。在五个数据库（MEDLINE、Scopus、CINAHL、SciELO和LILACS）中进行搜索，共识别出10篇符合条件的综述，发表于2019年至2024年之间，包括系统综述、整合性综述、叙述性综述和荟萃分析。这些综述研究了诸如原住民、青少年、大学生、老年人和医疗保健专业人员等人群。研究结果表明，自杀行为的风险与心理健康状况、社会脆弱性以及获得心理健康服务的机会有限有关。在原住民和青少年中观察到特别高的自杀率。在各项综述中，缺乏干预性研究、地理覆盖范围有限以及卫生专业人员培训不足是反复出现的主题。本综述强调迫切需要制定对文化敏感的自杀预防策略，加大对服务不足人群的研究投入，并改善医疗保健培训与协调。这些研究结果旨在支持制定更有效的国家自杀预防政策。
