Wang Jing, Huang Jiaxin, Jia Xu, Hao Zhenxin, Yang Yuancai, Tian Ruxia, Liang Yanping
College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Jul 27;16(8):889. doi: 10.3390/genes16080889.
: Pepper ( L.) is highly susceptible to various abiotic stresses during their growth and development, leading to severe reductions in both yield and quality. β-Glucosidase (BGLU) is widely involved in plant growth and development, as well as in the response to abiotic stress. : We performed a genome-wide identification of pepper () genes. Phylogenetic analysis included BGLU proteins from , tomato, and pepper. Gene structures, conserved motifs, and promoter cis-elements were analyzed bioinformatically. Synteny within the pepper genome was assessed. Protein-protein interaction potential was predicted. Gene expression patterns were analyzed across tissues and under abiotic stresses using transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR. Subcellular localization of a key candidate protein CaBGLU21 was confirmed experimentally. : We identified 32 genes unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic classification of 99 BGLU proteins into 12 subfamilies revealed an uneven distribution of CaBGLUs across six subfamilies. Proteins within subfamilies shared conserved motifs and gene structures. promoters harbored abundant light-, hormone- (MeJA, ABA, SA, GA), and stress-responsive elements (including low temperature). A duplicated gene pair (/) was identified. 27 CaBGLU proteins showed potential for interactions. Expression analysis indicated and were mesophyll-specific, while was constitutively high in non-leaf tissues. was consistently upregulated by cold, heat, and ABA. Subcellular localization confirmed CaBGLU21 resides in the tonoplast. : This comprehensive analysis characterizes the pepper gene family. , exhibiting constitutive expression in non-leaf tissues, strong upregulation under multiple stresses, and tonoplast localization, emerges as a prime candidate gene for further investigation into abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms in pepper. The findings provide a foundation for future functional studies and stress-resistant pepper breeding.
辣椒（L.）在其生长发育过程中对各种非生物胁迫高度敏感，导致产量和品质严重下降。β-葡萄糖苷酶（BGLU）广泛参与植物的生长发育以及对非生物胁迫的响应。我们对辣椒（）基因进行了全基因组鉴定。系统发育分析包括来自、番茄和辣椒的BGLU蛋白。通过生物信息学方法分析了基因结构、保守基序和启动子顺式元件。评估了辣椒基因组内的共线性。预测了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用潜力。利用转录组数据和qRT-PCR分析了不同组织以及非生物胁迫下的基因表达模式。通过实验证实了关键候选蛋白CaBGLU21的亚细胞定位。我们鉴定出32个基因，它们不均匀地分布在8条染色体上。将99个BGLU蛋白系统发育分类为12个亚家族，结果显示CaBGLUs在6个亚家族中分布不均。亚家族内的蛋白质具有共同的保守基序和基因结构。启动子含有丰富的光、激素（茉莉酸甲酯、脱落酸、水杨酸、赤霉素）和胁迫响应元件（包括低温）。鉴定出一对重复基因（/）。27个CaBGLU蛋白显示出相互作用的潜力。表达分析表明和是叶肉特异性的，而在非叶组织中组成型高表达。在寒冷、高温和脱落酸处理下持续上调。亚细胞定位证实CaBGLU21定位于液泡膜。这项全面分析描绘了辣椒基因家族特征。在非叶组织中组成型表达、在多种胁迫下强烈上调且定位于液泡膜，成为进一步研究辣椒非生物胁迫耐受机制的主要候选基因。这些发现为未来的功能研究和抗逆辣椒育种提供了基础。
