He Qiongji, Yuan Wenjue, Wang Rui, Yang Wengao, He Guiqing, Cao Jinglong, Li Yan, Ye Lei, Li Zhaoguang, Hou Zhijiang
Institute of Alpine Economic Plant, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lijiang 674199, China.
Hefu Town Comprehensive Service Center, Huzhou 313000, China.
Genes (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;16(8):919. doi: 10.3390/genes16080919.
, a high-altitude-adapted medicinal and oil-producing plant, exhibits broad elevational distribution. Understanding how environmental factors regulate its growth across altitudes is critical for optimizing cultivation and exploiting its economic potential. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive Iso-Seq and RNA-seq analysis to elucidate the transcriptional profile across diverse altitudes and three seed developmental stages. Using Pacbio full-length cDNA sequencing, we identified 39,267 full-length transcripts, with 80.03% (31,426) achieving successful annotation. RNA-seq analysis uncovered 11,423 and 9565 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to different altitude and developmental stages, respectively. KEGG analysis indicated that pathways linked to fatty acid metabolism were notably enriched during developmental stages. In contrast, pathways associated with amino acid and protein metabolism were significantly enriched under different altitudes. Furthermore, we identified 34 DEGs related to fatty acid biosynthesis, including genes encoding pivotal enzymes like biotin carboxylase, carboxyl transferase subunit alpha, malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase, and stearoyl-ACP desaturase enoyl-ACP reductase. Additionally, ten DEGs were pinpointed as potentially involved in high-altitude stress response. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis and adaptation to high-altitude stress in peony seeds, providing a theoretical foundation for future breeding programs aimed at enhancing seed quality.
牡丹，一种适应高海拔的药用和产油植物，具有广泛的海拔分布。了解环境因素如何在不同海拔调节其生长对于优化栽培和挖掘其经济潜力至关重要。在本研究中，我们进行了全面的全长转录组测序（Iso-Seq）和RNA测序（RNA-seq）分析，以阐明不同海拔和三个种子发育阶段的转录谱。通过Pacbio全长cDNA测序，我们鉴定出39,267个全长转录本，其中80.03%（31,426个）获得成功注释。RNA-seq分析分别发现了11,423个和9565个响应不同海拔和发育阶段的差异表达基因（DEG）。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，与脂肪酸代谢相关的途径在发育阶段显著富集。相比之下，与氨基酸和蛋白质代谢相关的途径在不同海拔下显著富集。此外，我们鉴定出34个与脂肪酸生物合成相关的DEG，包括编码关键酶的基因，如生物素羧化酶、羧基转移酶亚基α、丙二酰辅酶A-酰基载体蛋白转酰基酶、3-氧代酰基-ACP还原酶、3-羟基酰基-ACP脱水酶和硬脂酰-ACP去饱和酶烯酰-ACP还原酶。此外，确定了10个DEG可能参与高海拔胁迫响应。这些发现为牡丹种子脂肪酸生物合成和适应高海拔胁迫的分子机制提供了见解，为未来旨在提高种子质量的育种计划提供了理论基础。
