Wang Genzhu, Qin Wei, Yin Zhe, Zhou Ziyuan, Jiao Jian, Xu Xiaohong, Zhang Yu, Han Xing
Institute of Sediment Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jul 31;13(8):1797. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13081797.
Straw returning (ST) significantly improves soil quality and profoundly impacts soil microorganisms. However, the effects of different ST application amounts on the soil bacterial community remain unclear, and more studies on optimal ST application amounts are warranted. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial diversity and composition, as well as physicochemical properties, of soil in a corn field with 5-year ST amounts of 0, 3, 4.5, 5, and 6 t/hm, respectively. The results indicated that ST significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil pH and nutrients. Meanwhile, ST had a significant effect on the bacterial composition, and the bacterial diversity increased significantly after ST. The relative abundance of and increased dramatically, whereas that of significantly decreased after ST. The amount of ST had threshold effects on soil physicochemical properties and the dominant bacterial phyla. Moreover, the co-occurrence networks indicated that bacterial stability first increased and then decreased with the increase in ST amounts. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were the main drivers of bacterial diversity, whereas soil pH and total nitrogen concentrations were the main drivers of bacterial composition. This study strengthens the fact that ST amounts have threshold effects on the soil physicochemical properties and soil microorganisms, and ST amounts of 3-5 t/hm were appropriate.
秸秆还田（ST）显著改善土壤质量，并对土壤微生物产生深远影响。然而，不同秸秆还田量对土壤细菌群落的影响仍不清楚，因此有必要对最佳秸秆还田量进行更多研究。本研究旨在调查玉米田中分别施加0、3、4.5、5和6吨/公顷秸秆5年后土壤的细菌多样性、组成以及理化性质。结果表明，秸秆还田显著降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤pH值和养分含量。同时，秸秆还田对细菌组成有显著影响，秸秆还田后细菌多样性显著增加。秸秆还田后，[具体菌属1]和[具体菌属2]的相对丰度显著增加，而[具体菌属3]的相对丰度显著降低。秸秆还田量对土壤理化性质和优势细菌门具有阈值效应。此外，共现网络表明，细菌稳定性随秸秆还田量的增加先升高后降低。土壤有机碳和全氮浓度是细菌多样性的主要驱动因素，而土壤pH值和全氮浓度是细菌组成的主要驱动因素。本研究强化了秸秆还田量对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物具有阈值效应这一事实，3-5吨/公顷的秸秆还田量是合适的。
