Šavikin Katarina, Jovanović Miloš S, Zdunić Gordana, Živković Jelena, Kitić Dušanka, Bigović Dubravka, Janković Teodora
Institute for Medicinal Plants Research "Dr. Josif Pančić", Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Boulevard Dr. Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 15;14(16):2538. doi: 10.3390/plants14162538.
Leaves of L., traditionally used for treating heart disorders, represent a sustainable and underutilized source of bitter secoiridoids and xanthones, also found in -an official herbal drug derived from the same, protected species. As root harvesting leads to the destruction of the plant, using the more readily available leaves could help reduce the pressure on this endangered natural resource. This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of the secoiridoid swertiamarin and the xanthone isogentisin from leaves using response surface methodology (RSM). Subsequently, the stability of the bioactive compounds (swertiamarin, gentiopicrin, mangiferin, isoorientin, isovitexin, and isogentisin) in the optimized extract was monitored over a 30-day period under different storage conditions. The influence of extraction time (5-65 min), ethanol concentration (10-90% /), liquid-to-solid ratio (10-50 mL/g), and temperature (20-80 °C) was analyzed at five levels according to a central composite design. The calculated optimal extraction conditions for the simultaneous maximization of swertiamarin and isogentisin yields were 50 min extraction time, 30% ethanol concentration, 30 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, and 62.7 °C extraction temperature. Under these conditions, the experimentally obtained yields were 3.75 mg/g dry weight for swertiamarin and 1.57 mg/g dry weight for isogentisin, closely matching the RSM model predictions. The stability study revealed that low-temperature storage preserved major bioactive compounds, whereas mangiferin stability was compromised by elevated temperature and light exposure. The established models support the production of standardized leaf extracts and may facilitate the efficient separation and purification of their bioactive compounds, thereby contributing to the further valorization of this valuable plant material.
传统上用于治疗心脏疾病的獐牙菜属植物的叶子，是苦味裂环烯醚萜类化合物和氧杂蒽酮类化合物的可持续且未充分利用的来源，这些化合物在源自同一受保护物种的一种官方草药中也有发现。由于采挖根部会导致植物遭到破坏，使用更容易获取的叶子有助于减轻对这种濒危自然资源的压力。本研究旨在采用响应面法（RSM）优化从叶子中超声辅助提取裂环烯醚萜类化合物獐牙菜苦苷和氧杂蒽酮类化合物异秦皮啶的工艺。随后，在不同储存条件下，对优化提取物中生物活性化合物（獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、芒果苷、异荭草素、异牡荆素和异秦皮啶）的稳定性进行了为期30天的监测。根据中心复合设计，在五个水平上分析了提取时间（5 - 65分钟）、乙醇浓度（10 - 90% /）、液固比（10 - 50 mL/g）和温度（20 - 80 °C）的影响。计算得出的同时使獐牙菜苦苷和异秦皮啶产量最大化的最佳提取条件为：提取时间50分钟、乙醇浓度30%、液固比30 mL/g、提取温度62.7 °C。在这些条件下，实验得到的獐牙菜苦苷产量为3.75 mg/g干重，异秦皮啶产量为1.57 mg/g干重，与RSM模型预测值紧密匹配。稳定性研究表明，低温储存可保留主要生物活性化合物，而芒果苷的稳定性会因温度升高和光照而受到影响。所建立的模型有助于生产标准化的叶子提取物，并可能促进其生物活性化合物的高效分离和纯化，从而有助于进一步提升这种有价值植物材料的价值。
