Ioannou Petros, Mourati Eleni, Thalasseli Kazali Styliani, Bali Chrysoula, Baliou Stella, Samonis George
School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
First Oncology Department, Metropolitan Hospital, Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece.
Pathogens. 2025 Aug 21;14(8):829. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14080829.
species are anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli that are part of the normal oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal flora. Although rare, they can cause infective endocarditis (IE), a severe condition with high morbidity. The clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes of IE caused by spp. remain incompletely defined. This systematic review aimed to synthesize available data on IE and compare its features with IE caused by other pathogens.
We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to 27 February 2025, using the terms "" and "endocarditis." Eligible studies included case reports or series describing adult or pediatric patients with -associated IE. Data were extracted on demographics, risk factors, clinical features, microbiology, treatment, and outcomes.
A total of 21 studies (all case reports) involving 21 patients were included. The median age was 48 years, and 85.7% were male. Poor dental hygiene or recent dental work was the most common predisposing factor (47.6%). The mitral valve was most frequently affected (44.4%). Fever and sepsis were reported in nearly all cases, and embolic phenomena occurred in 81%. The most commonly isolated species were (47.6%) and (42.9%). Treatment commonly included metronidazole (61.9%), while surgical management was required in 23.8%. All-cause and infection-attributable mortality were both 9.5%.
IE predominantly affects younger males and is often linked to oral sources. This disease is associated with a high risk of systemic complications but seems to have a lower mortality compared to IE from other pathogens, including other anaerobic bacteria. Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial treatment are of utmost importance for optimal outcomes. Further research is required to guide evidence-based management of this rare but serious infection.
[具体菌种名称]是厌氧革兰氏阴性杆菌，是正常口咽和胃肠道菌群的一部分。虽然罕见，但它们可引起感染性心内膜炎（IE），这是一种发病率很高的严重疾病。由[具体菌种名称]引起的IE的临床特征、治疗策略和结局仍未完全明确。本系统评价旨在综合关于[具体菌种名称]性IE的现有数据，并将其特征与其他病原体引起的IE进行比较。
我们在PubMed、Scopus和Cochrane图书馆中进行了系统的文献检索，截至2025年2月27日，使用了“[具体菌种名称]”和“心内膜炎”等术语。符合条件的研究包括描述成人或儿童[具体菌种名称]相关IE患者的病例报告或系列研究。提取了关于人口统计学、危险因素、临床特征、微生物学、治疗和结局的数据。
共纳入21项研究（均为病例报告），涉及21例患者。中位年龄为48岁，85.7%为男性。口腔卫生差或近期牙科治疗是最常见的诱发因素（47.6%）。二尖瓣最常受累（44.4%）。几乎所有病例均有发热和脓毒症，81%发生栓塞现象。最常分离出的菌种是[具体菌种名称1]（47.6%）和[具体菌种名称2]（42.9%）。治疗通常包括甲硝唑（61.9%），23.8%的患者需要手术治疗。全因死亡率和感染归因死亡率均为9.5%。
IE主要影响年轻男性，且常与口腔来源有关。这种疾病与全身并发症的高风险相关，但与包括其他厌氧菌在内的其他病原体引起的IE相比，死亡率似乎较低。早期诊断和适当的抗菌治疗对于获得最佳结局至关重要。需要进一步研究以指导这种罕见但严重感染的循证管理。
