Halder Neha, Joardar Siddhartha Narayan, Sunder Jai, De Arun Kumar, Bhattacharya Debasis, Abd El Wahed Ahmed, Kobialka Rea Maja, Madanan Madathiparambil Gopalakrishnan, Mondal Samiran
Division of Animal Science, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (I.C.A.R-C.I.A.R.I), Port Blair, India.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences (W.B.U.A.F.S), Kolkata, India.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Aug 12;16:1625167. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1625167. eCollection 2025.
Antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) are widely used as feed additives to enhance the immunity, and productivity in the poultry industries. But over usage of AGPs has led to multi drug-resistance among pathogens. Nonspecific immunomodulators like probiotics have emerged as competent replacements of AGPs. Probiotics plays a key role in gut microbial health by its mechanism of action and modulation of host immune system. No prior research has been conducted in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India to elucidate the direct influence of probiotics on health and immunity of backyard poultry. To explore an efficient alternative to AGP, a commercial multi strain probiotics (Bifilac ) was evaluated in Vanaraja, a popular backyard poultry breed reared in the islands. 120 newly hatched Vanaraja chicks were chosen, 30 chicks were randomly allocated into 4 different groups for 60 days. For the negative control (NC), chicks were fed only basal diet. For the positive control (PC), chicks were fed with basal diet + AGP (Tetracycline). Test group (T1) was fed basal diet + 0.1% of Bifilac . The test group (T2) was fed basal diet + 0.3% of Bifilac . The results showed that the mean body weight of chicks supplemented with 0.1% (T1) and 0.3% (T2) of multi-strain probiotics was significantly higher ( ≤ 0.05) compared to the control groups. A significant increase ( ≤ 0.05) in FCR was also observed among T1 and T2 at different time intervals. Both T1 and T2 expressed significant changes ( ≤ 0.05) in biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, BUN, total bilirubin, SGOT and SGPT at different time intervals than the control groups. A significant decrease ( ≤ 0.05) was noticed in T1 and T2 groups in the levels of triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc, total cholesterol, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation at different time intervals. A significant increase ( ≤ 0.05) was observed in the levels of HSP70, IL4, IL2, and lymphocyte proliferation in T1 and T2 compared to the control groups. After histomorphological analysis, an increase ( ≤ 0.001) in villus height (μm) and crypt depth (μm) in duodenum and jejunum were noticed in T1 and T2. In short, multi-strain probiotics supplementation showed its potential as an overall growth promoter in terms of improved growth performance, favorable physiological functions, enhanced immunomodulatory effects and better intestinal morphology in a widely reared backyard poultry breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, hence can be nominated as a potential alternative to commercial antibiotics at ground level.
抗生素生长促进剂（AGPs）作为饲料添加剂被广泛用于提高家禽业的免疫力和生产力。但AGPs的过度使用已导致病原体产生多重耐药性。像益生菌这样的非特异性免疫调节剂已成为AGPs的有效替代品。益生菌通过其作用机制和对宿主免疫系统的调节，在肠道微生物健康中发挥关键作用。印度安达曼和尼科巴群岛此前尚未开展研究以阐明益生菌对后院家禽健康和免疫力的直接影响。为探索AGP的有效替代品，在该群岛饲养的一种受欢迎的后院家禽品种瓦纳拉贾鸡中，对一种商业化的多菌株益生菌（必慧龙）进行了评估。挑选了120只刚孵化的瓦纳拉贾鸡雏鸡，将30只雏鸡随机分为4组，为期60天。阴性对照组（NC）的雏鸡仅喂食基础日粮。阳性对照组（PC）的雏鸡喂食基础日粮+AGP（四环素）。试验组1（T1）喂食基础日粮+0.1%的必慧龙。试验组2（T2）喂食基础日粮+0.3%的必慧龙。结果表明，与对照组相比，补充0.1%（T1）和0.3%（T2）多菌株益生菌的雏鸡平均体重显著更高（P≤0.05）。在不同时间间隔，T1和T2组的饲料转化率（FCR）也显著提高（P≤0.05）。与对照组相比，T1和T2组在不同时间间隔的生化参数如白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、总胆红素、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶均有显著变化（P≤0.05）。在不同时间间隔，T1和T2组的甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇、超氧化物产生、脂质过氧化水平显著降低（P≤0.05）。与对照组相比，T1和T2组的热休克蛋白70、白细胞介素4、白细胞介素2水平以及淋巴细胞增殖显著增加（P≤0.05）。组织形态学分析后发现，T1和T2组十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度（μm）和隐窝深度（μm）增加（P≤0.001）。简而言之，在印度安达曼和尼科巴群岛广泛饲养的一种后院家禽品种中，补充多菌株益生菌在改善生长性能、具有良好生理功能、增强免疫调节作用和改善肠道形态方面显示出其作为整体生长促进剂的潜力，因此可被提名为地面水平商业抗生素的潜在替代品。
