Vilks Svens, Kolesovs Aleksandrs
Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Biomechanics, Hygiene and Informatics, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Aug 12;7:1548583. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1548583. eCollection 2025.
The study explored the prediction of athlete burnout by basic psychological needs satisfaction in sports, combined with the intrinsic motivation in sports and sociodemographic characteristics of university student-athletes. The protective effects of both psychological predictors were expected. The participants were 219 university student-athletes aged 19-33 (M = 22.3 and SD = 3.2 years) who participated in sports from recreational (38%) up to World/Olympic (9%) levels, with a mean sports experience of 10.1 (SD = 5.2) years. The study used three surveys, presented in Latvian: Sports Motivation Scale-II, Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Higher need satisfaction was the main predictor of lower burnout and a higher sense of accomplishment in the frame of SEM. Higher intrinsic motivation, participants' age, and studying sports also predicted lower burnout and competing at World/Olympic level predicted a higher sense of accomplishment. The bifactor model confirmed athlete burnout as a syndrome integrating its specific components. As the main protective factor, psychological needs satisfaction in sports should be prioritized in university student-athlete training.
该研究探讨了运动中基本心理需求满意度、运动内在动机以及大学生运动员的社会人口学特征对运动员倦怠的预测作用。预计这两个心理预测因素都具有保护作用。研究参与者为219名年龄在19至33岁之间（M = 22.3，标准差 = 3.2岁）的大学生运动员，他们参与的运动水平从休闲（38%）到世界/奥运会级别（9%）不等，平均运动经历为10.1年（标准差 = 5.2）。该研究使用了以拉脱维亚语呈现的三项调查问卷：《运动动机量表-II》《运动中的基本心理需求量表》和《运动员倦怠问卷》。在结构方程模型框架内，更高的需求满意度是倦怠程度较低和成就感较高的主要预测因素。更高的内在动机、参与者年龄以及学习运动专业也预测了较低的倦怠程度，而参加世界/奥运会级别的比赛则预测了更高的成就感。双因素模型证实了运动员倦怠是一种整合其特定组成部分的综合征。作为主要保护因素，运动中基本心理需求的满意度在大学生运动员训练中应被优先考虑。
