Li Yazhe, Li Changjia, Zhou Wenxin, Wang Shuai, Cao Yue, Li Zhao, Lu Tong, Stringer Lindsay C
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction (ESPDRR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction (ESPDRR), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Aug 27;393:127113. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127113.
The delineation of conservation priority areas may involve both trade-offs and synergies with sustainable development goals, but region-specific and integrative assessments that simultaneously consider habitat, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being remain limited in high-altitude regions such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taking habitat, biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being as management objectives, this paper focuses on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and develops an indicator system that integrates these considerations. The paper: a) uses the zonation model to identify conservation priority areas under both single-objective and multi-objective conditions, b) evaluates the conservation gaps in existing protected areas and c) assesses the synergies and trade-offs among the different objectives by employing various scenarios. Results reveal a northwest-to-southeast zonal shift in dominant conservation priorities, transitioning from ecosystem services to biodiversity and habitat and returning to ecosystem services. High-threat regions include mining zones, Qinghai-Gansu borders, and central Tibet. Integrated multi-objective analysis shows conservation importance and viability priorities increasing southeastward, with the largest priority area (2.85 × 10 km, 11 % of QTP) concentrated in eastern Tibet and western Sichuan's alpine valleys. Over 57 % of priority zones remain unprotected. Synergies emerge between habitat and biodiversity conservation, while both show significant trade-offs with ecosystem service provision. Threat-focused scenario conflicts sharply with balanced multi-objective scenario, demonstrating irreconcilable divergences in conservation prioritization. Spatial optimization reveals objective-specific priority zones requiring differentiated management. The findings propose differentiated conservation strategies for each eco-geographical region, advocating IUCN Class Ia and Ib for habitat/biodiversity priority zones and IUCN Class II-VI for ecosystem service priority zones.
划定保护优先区域可能涉及与可持续发展目标的权衡和协同效应，但在青藏高原等高海拔地区，同时考虑栖息地、生物多样性、生态系统服务和人类福祉的区域特定和综合评估仍然有限。本文以栖息地、生物多样性、生态系统服务和人类福祉为管理目标，聚焦于青藏高原，构建了一个整合这些考量因素的指标体系。本文：a）使用分区模型识别单目标和多目标条件下的保护优先区域，b）评估现有保护区的保护缺口，c）通过采用各种情景评估不同目标之间的协同效应和权衡。结果显示，主要保护优先区域呈现从西北向东南的带状转移，从生态系统服务转向生物多样性和栖息地，然后又回到生态系统服务。高威胁区域包括矿区、青海与甘肃交界处以及西藏中部。综合多目标分析表明，保护重要性和可行性优先区域向东南方向增加，最大的优先区域（2.85×10平方公里，占青藏高原的11%）集中在西藏东部和四川西部的高山峡谷。超过57%的优先区域仍未得到保护。栖息地和生物多样性保护之间存在协同效应，而两者与生态系统服务提供都存在显著权衡。以威胁为重点的情景与平衡的多目标情景冲突激烈，表明在保护优先排序上存在不可调和的分歧。空间优化揭示了需要差异化管理的特定目标优先区域。研究结果针对每个生态地理区域提出了差异化的保护策略，主张对栖息地/生物多样性优先区域采用国际自然保护联盟Ia和Ib类保护，对生态系统服务优先区域采用国际自然保护联盟II - VI类保护。
