Bönisch Maria, Senße Vera, Engst Thomas, Sander Alica, Matthies Diethart, Jedicke Eckhard, Bernhardt Nadine
Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany.
Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany.
Bot Stud. 2025 Sep 2;66(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s40529-025-00473-z.
Crop wild relatives (CWR) represent a valuable resource for ensuring food security. Although they are negatively affected by the loss of habitats due to climate change and land use change, they are underrepresented in conservation programmes. The establishment of genetic reserve (GR) networks has been put forward as an approach to protect CWR. The objective of this study was to identify CWR hotspots in Germany, which are suitable candidates for the establishment of GRs. CWR observation data were collected on a national scale from various sources and a hotspot analysis was performed to identify potential GR sites. A number of these sites were visited and the plant species occurring were recorded.
76 GR candidate sites were identified. The sites are distributed across the biogeographic regions of Germany and could conserve 73% of all CWR and 85% of the CWR that were assigned a conservation priority for Germany. Our on-site surveys for 27 GR candidates found discrepancies between the species records available and the species currently occurring.
We propose five hectares as an appropriate size for GRs, as such an area can be monitored and the number of stakeholders involved is usually low. The discrepancies concerning species records highlight the need for more frequent, regular nationwide CWR monitoring as a prerequisite for their conservation. Our results further suggest that GRs should also be set up outside of protected areas to protect CWR efficiently.
作物野生近缘种（CWR）是确保粮食安全的宝贵资源。尽管它们因气候变化和土地利用变化导致的栖息地丧失而受到负面影响，但在保护计划中却未得到充分体现。建立遗传保护区（GR）网络已被提出作为保护CWR的一种方法。本研究的目的是确定德国的CWR热点地区，这些地区是建立GR的合适候选地。在全国范围内从各种来源收集了CWR观测数据，并进行了热点分析以确定潜在的GR地点。访问了其中一些地点并记录了出现的植物物种。
确定了76个GR候选地点。这些地点分布在德国的生物地理区域，可保护所有CWR的73%以及被指定为德国保护重点的CWR的85%。我们对27个GR候选地点的实地调查发现，现有物种记录与当前出现的物种之间存在差异。
我们建议GR的合适面积为五公顷，因为这样的面积便于监测，而且涉及的利益相关者数量通常较少。物种记录方面的差异凸显了更频繁、定期地在全国范围内监测CWR作为其保护前提条件的必要性。我们的结果还表明，应在保护区之外设立GR，以有效地保护CWR。
