Paz Clara, Saúl Luis Ángel, Lafuente Pedro Ramírez, Evans Chris
Grupo de Investigación Bienestar, Salud y Sociedad, Escuela de Psicología y Educación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
Psicol Reflex Crit. 2025 Sep 2;38(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s41155-025-00341-6.
The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) system is widely used to assess psychological well-being and clinical symptoms across various settings, but most studies on its psychometric properties have focused on clinical populations and the 34-item version, leaving a gap in understanding the performance of shorter versions and its applicability in non-help-seeking samples.
This study investigates the acceptability, reliability, and score distributions of various forms within the CORE system among a non-help-seeking Spanish population.
Data from 1667 participants were analyzed, with a mean age of 37.16 years and a predominance of women (59.1%). The majority had higher education (53.1%), and over half were employed at the time of the study.
Acceptability was high, with low item omission rates (<0.1%) across all forms during both initial and retest assessments. Internal consistency was strong, with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega exceeding 0.80 for all forms. Test-retest reliability showed correlations above 0.59 for all scores, with no significant differences between assessment intervals. Score distributions were compared by gender, age, and education, revealing significant differences between gender and education but not for age.
The study provides key reference data for the CORE system in Spain, supporting outcome comparisons in non-help-seeking samples. Despite an overrepresentation of highly educated individuals, it offers crucial insights into its psychometric properties and score distributions. The findings highlight potential applications of these distributions and underscore the need for further research into the psychometric performance of individual CORE forms.
常规评估临床结果（CORE）系统被广泛用于评估各种环境下的心理健康状况和临床症状，但大多数关于其心理测量特性的研究都集中在临床人群和34项版本上，在理解较短版本的性能及其在非求助样本中的适用性方面存在空白。
本研究调查CORE系统中各种形式在非求助西班牙人群中的可接受性、可靠性和分数分布。
分析了1667名参与者的数据，他们的平均年龄为37.16岁，女性占多数（59.1%）。大多数人受过高等教育（53.1%），超过一半的人在研究时处于就业状态。
可接受性较高，在初始评估和重测评估期间，所有形式的项目遗漏率均较低（<0.1%）。内部一致性很强，所有形式的Cronbach's alpha和McDonald's Omega均超过0.80。重测信度显示所有分数的相关性均高于0.59，评估间隔之间无显著差异。按性别、年龄和教育程度对分数分布进行比较，结果显示性别和教育程度之间存在显著差异，但年龄之间无显著差异。
本研究为CORE系统在西班牙提供了关键参考数据，支持非求助样本中的结果比较。尽管受过高等教育的个体占比过高，但它提供了关于其心理测量特性和分数分布的重要见解。研究结果突出了这些分布的潜在应用，并强调需要进一步研究CORE各个形式的心理测量性能。
