Yin Qingyan, Jiang Xingwei, Liu Huifeng, Wang Peiyue, Su Xiaodong, Zhang Jun, Lei Xinjian, Yao Junhu
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Anim Nutr. 2025 Jul 5;22:280-290. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.008. eCollection 2025 Sep.
An essential function carried out by bile acids (BA) is to aid in lipid absorption, as they emulsify lipids and combine with them to form chylomicrons. While BA have been utilized as lipid emulsifiers in monogastric and aquatic animals, their impact on ruminants remains relatively unexplored. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of BA on the lipid absorption of lactating dairy goats. In the Exp. 1, twelve lactating goats with similar days in milk (42 ± 2 d), body weight (46.2 ± 5.1 kg), and milk yield (1.62 ± 0.33 kg) were administered four BA doses (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/d) to explore the effects of BA supplementation. The results observed a positive correlation between the BA dose and plasma total bile acid concentration ( < 0.001). Notably, when goats received BA, there was a trend of increase in the proportion of preformed fatty acids in milk ( = 0.079). In the Exp. 2, eighteen lactating goats with similar days in milk (100 ± 6 d), body weight (45.0 ± 3.7 kg), and milk yield (1.60 ± 0.31 kg) were divided into two groups (HF and HFB): HF group received no BA, while HFB group received BA (4 g/d). Both the groups were fed diets with fat powder supplementation (1% of dry matter) for 5 weeks. BA supplementation led to a significant increase in milk yield ( = 0.024) and fat concentration ( = 0.045). Meanwhile, there was a significant rise of total bile acid concentration in plasma ( < 0.001), rumen ( < 0.001) and feces ( < 0.001). Additionally, BA supplementation had a significant impact on blood metabolism, up-regulating 241 metabolites and down-regulating 208 metabolites ( < 0.05). BA supplementation also altered the correlations among various plasma lipid components ( < 0.05). In fatty acid (FA) analysis, 26 different FA were detected, out of which 16 showed significant down-regulation upon BA supplementation ( < 0.05). In conclusion, BA supplementation positively influenced lactating dairy goats, particularly when fed diets with fat powder supplementation. BA supplementation enhanced milk yield, improved milk fat concentration, and significantly altered lipid-related blood metabolism. These findings suggest that BA supplementation could be a valuable strategy for enhancing dairy production and lipid metabolism in dairy goats, offering potential benefits for the dairy industry.
胆汁酸（BA）的一项重要功能是帮助脂质吸收，因为它们能乳化脂质并与脂质结合形成乳糜微粒。虽然BA已被用作单胃动物和水生动物的脂质乳化剂，但其对反刍动物的影响仍相对未被充分研究。进行了两项实验来研究BA对泌乳奶山羊脂质吸收的影响。在实验1中，给12只产奶天数相近（42±2天）、体重相近（46.2±5.1千克）且产奶量相近（1.62±0.33千克）的泌乳山羊投喂四种BA剂量（0、1、2或4克/天），以探究补充BA的效果。结果观察到BA剂量与血浆总胆汁酸浓度之间呈正相关（<0.001）。值得注意的是，当山羊接受BA时，牛奶中预制脂肪酸的比例有增加趋势（=0.079）。在实验2中，将18只产奶天数相近（100±6天）、体重相近（45.0±3.7千克）且产奶量相近（1.60±0.31千克）的泌乳山羊分为两组（HF和HFB）：HF组不接受BA，而HFB组接受BA（4克/天）。两组均饲喂添加了脂肪粉（占干物质的1%）的日粮5周。补充BA导致产奶量显著增加（=0.024）和脂肪浓度显著增加（=0.045）。同时，血浆（<0.001）、瘤胃（<0.001）和粪便（<0.001）中的总胆汁酸浓度显著升高。此外，补充BA对血液代谢有显著影响，上调了241种代谢物，下调了208种代谢物（<0.05）。补充BA还改变了各种血浆脂质成分之间的相关性（<0.05）。在脂肪酸（FA）分析中，检测到26种不同的FA，其中16种在补充BA后显著下调（<0.05）。总之，补充BA对泌乳奶山羊有积极影响，尤其是在饲喂添加脂肪粉的日粮时。补充BA提高了产奶量，改善了乳脂肪浓度，并显著改变了与脂质相关的血液代谢。这些发现表明，补充BA可能是提高奶山羊乳制品产量和脂质代谢的一项有价值的策略，对乳制品行业具有潜在益处。
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