Fukuda Hirofumi, Fukuda Akari, Nonoue Yasunori, Guan Di, Kanno Noriko, Taniguchi Shoji, Imase Ryoji, Matsushita Kei, Kitasaki Sota, Komaki Yuzo, Takemure Minoru, Sakamoto Toshihiro, Fukuoka Shuichi, Yonemaru Jun-Ichi, Ogawa Daisuke
Institute of Crop Science, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan.
Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Breed Sci. 2025 Apr;75(2):79-84. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.24044. Epub 2025 Mar 22.
Grain chalkiness decreases the appearance quality (APQ) of rice ( L.) grains and reduces consumer satisfaction. Improving APQ is a crucial issue for both marketing and breeding. Here, we screened chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with higher APQ to find promising genetic resources. These CSSLs harbor chromosome segments derived from multiple donors in the genetic background of 'Koshihikari', a leading rice cultivar in Japan. Three CSSLs had an increased percentage of perfect grains without panicle weight loss under field conditions across 3 years in Tsukuba city, Ibaraki prefecture, Japan. The positions of reduced chalkiness in grains differed among CSSLs, suggesting the different contribution of the harbored chromosome segments to APQ improvement. There were no significant differences in days to heading, culm length, panicle length, or panicle number in all three CSSLs, but 1000-grain weight was reduced in one. These results identify two promising genetic resources for further improvement of APQ in current cultivars with reduced chalkiness but unaltered heading date and yield traits.
稻米垩白降低了稻谷的外观品质（APQ），并降低了消费者满意度。改善外观品质对于销售和育种来说都是一个关键问题。在此，我们筛选了具有较高外观品质的染色体片段代换系（CSSL），以寻找有潜力的遗传资源。这些染色体片段代换系在日本主要水稻品种“越光”的遗传背景中含有来自多个供体的染色体片段。在日本茨城县筑波市的田间条件下，连续3年，三个染色体片段代换系的整精米率提高，且穗重未降低。不同染色体片段代换系中籽粒垩白度降低的位置不同，这表明所携带的染色体片段对外观品质改善的贡献不同。在所有三个染色体片段代换系中，抽穗天数、茎长、穗长或穗数没有显著差异，但其中一个代换系的千粒重降低。这些结果确定了两个有潜力的遗传资源，可用于进一步改善当前垩白度降低但抽穗期和产量性状未改变的品种的外观品质。
