Thapa Parbati, Thapa Raj Kumar, K C Bhuvan, Gyawali Sudesh, Lee Shaun Wen Huey
Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Kaski, Pokhara, Nepal.
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Pain Res Manag. 2025 Aug 22;2025:6610938. doi: 10.1155/prm/6610938. eCollection 2025.
Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care and is associated with depression and reduced quality of life. This study aims to explore the association of depression and quality of life with chronic pain, and medication management among patients with chronic pain. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting the outpatient departments of two tertiary care hospitals in Pokhara, Nepal. Validated questionnaires were used to collect information regarding socio-demographics, pain intensity (face pain scale), quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), depression (PROMIS depression questionnaire) and medications prescribed for pain management. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, correlation and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. Three hundred eighty-five participants were enrolled in the study, and most were females 248 (64.4%). Low back pain ( = 96; 24.9%) was the most commonly reported pain condition. The participants' mean pain and quality of life scores were 4.5 ± 1.97 and 0.59 ± 0.37, respectively. NSAIDs were the most prescribed medication. About 25.2% of the participants had mild, 25.5% moderate and 3.4% severe depression. A significant difference in depression and quality of life score was observed between genders ( < 0.001), among participants with different education levels ( < 0.001), with comorbidity ( < 0.001) and pain duration ( < 0.001). A significant reverse association of quality of life with depression ( = -0.326, < 0.001), pain score ( = -0.292, < 0.001) and duration of pain ( = -0.208, < 0.001) was observed. The quality of life among patients with chronic pain was correlated with the pain score, depression score and duration of pain.
慢性疼痛是寻求医疗护理的最常见原因之一，并且与抑郁症及生活质量下降相关。本研究旨在探讨抑郁症和生活质量与慢性疼痛之间的关联，以及慢性疼痛患者的药物管理情况。在尼泊尔博卡拉的两家三级护理医院门诊部就诊的患者中开展了一项横断面研究。使用经过验证的问卷收集有关社会人口统计学、疼痛强度（面部疼痛量表）、生活质量（EQ-5D-3L）、抑郁症（PROMIS抑郁症问卷）以及为疼痛管理所开药物的信息。采用描述性统计、单因素分析、相关性分析和多元回归分析数据。该研究共纳入385名参与者，其中大多数为女性，有248名（64.4%）。腰痛（n = 96；24.9%）是最常报告的疼痛状况。参与者的平均疼痛评分和生活质量评分分别为4.5±1.97和0.59±0.37。非甾体抗炎药是最常开具的药物。约25.2%的参与者有轻度抑郁症，25.5%有中度抑郁症，3.4%有重度抑郁症。在性别之间（P<0.001）、不同教育水平的参与者之间（P<0.001）、有合并症的参与者之间（P<0.001）以及疼痛持续时间不同的参与者之间（P<0.001），观察到抑郁症和生活质量评分存在显著差异。观察到生活质量与抑郁症（r = -0.326，P<0.001）、疼痛评分（r = -0.292，P<0.001）以及疼痛持续时间（r = -0.208，P<0.001）之间存在显著的负相关。慢性疼痛患者的生活质量与疼痛评分、抑郁症评分和疼痛持续时间相关。
