Global 1-km habitat distribution for endangered species and its spatial changes under future warming scenarios.

Implementing biodiversity and climate actions for endangered terrestrial vertebrates is hampered by a lack of high-precision habitat maps. Therefore, we developed a dataset by linking the suitable land-use types and elevation ranges of each endangered terrestrial vertebrates and mapping these factors onto our recently developed global land use and land cover maps, we generated the distribution of global 1-km habitat suitability ranges distributions from 2020 to 2100 under varied climate warming scenarios for endangered terrestrial vertebrates (2,571 amphibians, 617 birds, 1,280 mammals, and 1,456 reptiles) and obtained the spatial evolution maps as compared to 2020 baseline. Validation of the 2020 data with actual observation data suggested that the AOH maps for 94% of amphibians, 94% of birds, 95% of mammals, and 91% of reptiles exhibited higher densities of observation points within the AOH compared to a uniform random distribution within the IUCN maps, indicating better-than-chance spatial alignment. This dataset offers AOH for endangered terrestrial vertebrates and their spatial evolution under future warming scenarios, providing a solid basis for biodiversity conservation.