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Epidemiological and Economic Factors in Facelift Surgery in the USA: A Retrospective Multi-center Analysis.

作者信息

Knoedler Leonard, Lellouch Alexandre G, Aguglia Raffaele, Sadati Kevin, Knoedler Samuel, Kehrer Andreas, Cetrulo Curtis L, Rendenbach Carsten, Heiland Max, Fenske Jakob

机构信息

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

出版信息

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1007/s00266-025-05221-z.


DOI:10.1007/s00266-025-05221-z
PMID:40897962
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The demand for surgical facial rejuvenation procedures, such as facelifts, has risen in recent decades. However, limited research has addressed the epidemiological and economic aspects of these procedures. This study examines trends in facelift surgeries using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. METHODS: The HCUP-NIS database, which includes all-payer inpatient cases in the USA, was analyzed for facelift procedures identified through ICD-10 codes from 2016 to 2020. A total of 723 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patient demographics, hospitalization details, and procedural characteristics were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Exploratory comparisons were made across the three surgical technique subgroups, as allocated in ICD-10 procedural coding: open, percutaneous, and percutaneous endoscopic. RESULTS: The cohort included 723 patients, with a mean age of 56.7 ± 16.2 years, predominantly female (79.4%) and White (81%). Most patients were self-paying (63.2%) and of high-income status (50.8%). Higher-income individuals were more likely to undergo minimally invasive procedures. The average hospital stay was 1.7 ± 1.6 days, with total costs averaging $85,259.60 ± $63,152.80. The most common indication was plastic surgery due to cosmetic reasons. Facelift was also performed for gender dysphoria indications in 12.3% of the cases. Hypertension (18.8%) and nicotine abuse (13.7%) were the most frequent comorbidities. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the complex epidemiological and economic environment of inpatient facelift surgery. Procedures are subject to significant regional and socioeconomic disparities. The growing role of facial feminization and heterogenous surgical access warrants further research on emerging trends in esthetic facial surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

摘要

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Is #Gender Affirmation Surgery Trending? An Analysis of Plastic Surgery Residency Social Media Content.

Transgend Health. 2024-6-17

[2]
Isolated and combined breast augmentation in transgender patients: Multi-institutional insights into early outcomes and risk factors.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2024-3

[3]
Area-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Health Care Spending: A Systematic Review.

JAMA Netw Open. 2024-2-5

[4]
Evidence of Hematoma Prevention After Facelift.

Aesthet Surg J. 2024-1-16

[5]
Comparing Trends in Medicare Reimbursement and Inflation within Plastic Surgery Subspecialties.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024-4-1

[6]
Health Care Value in Plastic Surgery Practice.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024-5-1

[7]
The Price Is Right? An Economic Analysis of Factors Influencing Cosmetic Surgery Prices.

Aesthet Surg J. 2023-8-17

[8]
Advances in Face-Lift Surgical Techniques: 2016-2021.

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2023-4

[9]
Facial Gender Surgery: Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Consensus Guidelines from the International Facial Gender Symposium.

Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022-1-1

[10]
Who is talking about #Facelift on Instagram?

Eur J Plast Surg. 2022

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