Knoedler Leonard, Lellouch Alexandre G, Aguglia Raffaele, Sadati Kevin, Knoedler Samuel, Kehrer Andreas, Cetrulo Curtis L, Rendenbach Carsten, Heiland Max, Fenske Jakob
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1007/s00266-025-05221-z.
The demand for surgical facial rejuvenation procedures, such as facelifts, has risen in recent decades. However, limited research has addressed the epidemiological and economic aspects of these procedures. This study examines trends in facelift surgeries using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.
The HCUP-NIS database, which includes all-payer inpatient cases in the USA, was analyzed for facelift procedures identified through ICD-10 codes from 2016 to 2020. A total of 723 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patient demographics, hospitalization details, and procedural characteristics were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Exploratory comparisons were made across the three surgical technique subgroups, as allocated in ICD-10 procedural coding: open, percutaneous, and percutaneous endoscopic.
The cohort included 723 patients, with a mean age of 56.7 ± 16.2 years, predominantly female (79.4%) and White (81%). Most patients were self-paying (63.2%) and of high-income status (50.8%). Higher-income individuals were more likely to undergo minimally invasive procedures. The average hospital stay was 1.7 ± 1.6 days, with total costs averaging $85,259.60 ± $63,152.80. The most common indication was plastic surgery due to cosmetic reasons. Facelift was also performed for gender dysphoria indications in 12.3% of the cases. Hypertension (18.8%) and nicotine abuse (13.7%) were the most frequent comorbidities.
The results highlight the complex epidemiological and economic environment of inpatient facelift surgery. Procedures are subject to significant regional and socioeconomic disparities. The growing role of facial feminization and heterogenous surgical access warrants further research on emerging trends in esthetic facial surgery.
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近几十年来，对面部年轻化手术（如面部提升术）的需求有所增加。然而，针对这些手术的流行病学和经济方面的研究有限。本研究利用医疗成本与利用项目（HCUP）国家住院患者样本（NIS）数据库中的数据，考察面部提升手术的趋势。
对HCUP-NIS数据库进行分析，该数据库包含美国所有支付方的住院病例，通过2016年至2020年的ICD-10编码识别面部提升手术。共有723名患者符合纳入标准。使用描述性统计评估患者人口统计学、住院细节和手术特征。按照ICD-10手术编码划分的三个手术技术亚组进行探索性比较：开放式、经皮式和经皮内窥镜式。
该队列包括723名患者，平均年龄为56.7±16.2岁，主要为女性（79.4%）和白人（81%）。大多数患者为自费（63.2%）且为高收入状态（50.8%）。高收入个体更有可能接受微创手术。平均住院时间为1.7±1.6天，总成本平均为85,259.60±63,152.80美元。最常见的适应症是出于美容原因的整形手术。12.3%的病例中面部提升手术也用于性别焦虑症适应症。高血压（18.8%）和尼古丁滥用（13.7%）是最常见的合并症。
结果凸显了住院面部提升手术复杂的流行病学和经济环境。手术存在显著的地区和社会经济差异。面部女性化的作用日益增加以及手术途径的异质性，值得对面部美容手术的新趋势进行进一步研究。
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