Xu Xiaowei, Hu Enkui, Xiao Qian, Huang Xu, Wang Chongqing, Xu Xidan, Zhang Kun, Zhou Yue, Bai Jinhai, Liu Zhengkun, Jiang Yuchen, Tang Yan, Deng Xinyi, Li Siyang, Peng Wanjing, Xiong Ling, Yang Yuhan, Li Zeyang, Ma Ming, Qin Qinbo, Liu Shaojun
Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Aug 4;14(8):994. doi: 10.3390/biology14080994.
Artificial gynogenesis is an essential technique for aquaculture breeding. Fertile offspring of the WuLi carp ( var. Quanzhounensis, 2 = 100, WLC) were successfully produced via gynogenesis using ultraviolet-irradiated sperm from the blunt snout bream (, 2 = 48, BSB). As anticipated, gonadal section examination confirmed that all gynogenetic WuLi carp (2 = 100, GWB) were female. To investigate whether paternal DNA fragments from BSB were integrated into the GWB genome, comparative analyses of morphological traits, DNA content, chromosomal numbers, 5S rDNA sequences, microsatellite DNA markers, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), growth performance and nutritional composition were systematically conducted between GWB and maternal WLC. The results revealed pronounced maternal inheritance patterns across morphological characteristics, DNA quantification, chromosomal configurations, 5S rDNA sequences and FISH signals, while microsatellite detection unequivocally confirmed paternal BSB DNA fragment integration into the GWB genome. Remarkably, GWB demonstrated significantly superior growth performance and elevated unsaturated fatty acid content relative to the maternal line. This approach not only addressed germplasm degradation in WLC but also provided valuable theoretical foundations for breeding programs in this commercially significant species.
人工雌核发育是水产养殖育种的一项关键技术。利用经紫外线照射的团头鲂（2n = 48，BSB）精子，通过雌核发育成功培育出了五里鲤（变种泉州鲤，2n = 100，WLC）的可育后代。正如预期的那样，性腺切片检查证实所有雌核发育的五里鲤（2n = 100，GWB）均为雌性。为了研究团头鲂的父本DNA片段是否整合到了GWB基因组中，系统地对GWB和母本WLC之间的形态特征、DNA含量、染色体数目、5S rDNA序列、微卫星DNA标记、荧光原位杂交（FISH）、生长性能和营养成分进行了比较分析。结果显示，在形态特征、DNA定量、染色体构型、5S rDNA序列和FISH信号方面呈现出明显的母系遗传模式，而微卫星检测明确证实了父本团头鲂的DNA片段整合到了GWB基因组中。值得注意的是，相对于母本系，GWB表现出显著优越的生长性能和更高的不饱和脂肪酸含量。这种方法不仅解决了五里鲤的种质退化问题，还为这种具有重要商业价值的物种的育种计划提供了有价值的理论基础。
