Seok Sangwoo, McCollum Miles T, Jacobsen Christopher M, Akbari Omar S, Mathias Derrick K, Lee Yoosook
University of Florida.
Hawaii State Department of Health.
Res Sq. 2025 Aug 25:rs.3.rs-7303372. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7303372/v1.
(Skuse, 1894) and (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) are invasive species in the Hawaiian Islands as well as other islands of the Pacific and serve as the primary vectors of arboviruses like dengue virus. Despite its significance to public health, data on their insecticide resistance remains limited. Knowledge of the level of insecticide resistance is critical in developing effective mosquito control strategies, especially when an arboviral disease outbreak occurs.
This study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Hawaiian and to permethrin, one of the commonly used pyrethroids. Genomic sequences of 93 samples from four Hawaiian Islands (Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, and the Island of Hawai'i) were screened for non-synonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene (chromosome 3: 345,142,499 - 345,663,668). Phenotypic resistance to permethrin was assessed using a modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay on and collected from two socio-environmentally distinct sites.
Among 4,101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the VGSC region of genomes from for Hawaiian Islands, 61 were classified as synonymous. No non-synonymous mutations were found, suggesting an absence of genotypic resistance to pyrethroids in these populations. In phenotypic assays, over 97% of and all individuals were knocked down within 10 minutes of permethrin exposure. These high knockdown rates indicate that both species remain phenotypically susceptible to permethrin.
This study is the first study reporting the phenotypic insecticide resistance profile of Hawaiian mosquitoes. Hawaiian populations of and remain susceptible to pyrethroids, as demonstrated by the absence of VGSC mutations and high knockdown rates in permethrin bioassays. While no genotypic and phenotypic resistance was detected in these two species, monitoring for resistance in other mosquito species and through alternative mechanisms is needed.
（斯库斯，1894年）和（林奈，1762年）（双翅目：蚊科）是夏威夷群岛以及太平洋其他岛屿的入侵物种，并且是登革热病毒等虫媒病毒的主要传播媒介。尽管其对公共卫生具有重要意义，但其抗杀虫剂数据仍然有限。了解杀虫剂抗性水平对于制定有效的蚊虫控制策略至关重要，尤其是在虫媒病毒疾病爆发时。
本研究调查了夏威夷（某种蚊子）和（另一种蚊子）对常用拟除虫菊酯之一氯菊酯的表型和基因型抗性。对来自夏威夷四个岛屿（考艾岛、瓦胡岛、毛伊岛和夏威夷岛）的93个（某种蚊子）样本的基因组序列进行筛选，以检测电压门控钠通道（VGSC）基因（3号染色体：345,142,499 - 345,663,668）中的非同义突变。使用改良的疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）瓶式生物测定法对从两个社会环境不同地点采集的（两种蚊子）进行氯菊酯的表型抗性评估。
在从夏威夷四个岛屿的（某种蚊子）基因组的VGSC区域鉴定出的4101个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）中，61个被归类为同义突变。未发现非同义突变，表明这些种群对拟除虫菊酯不存在基因型抗性。在表型测定中，超过97%的（某种蚊子）和所有（另一种蚊子）个体在接触氯菊酯后10分钟内被击倒。这些高击倒率表明这两个物种在表型上对氯菊酯仍然敏感。
本研究是第一项报告夏威夷（某种蚊子）蚊虫表型杀虫剂抗性概况的研究。夏威夷的（两种蚊子）种群对拟除虫菊酯仍然敏感，这在氯菊酯生物测定中VGSC突变的缺失和高击倒率中得到了证明。虽然在这两个（蚊子）物种中未检测到基因型和表型抗性，但需要监测其他蚊子物种的抗性以及通过其他机制产生的抗性。
